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\hypersetup{pdftitle={The Causes of Forest Gaps and Means of Biodiversity Conservation in Um Abdalla Forest , South Kordofan , Sudan},pdfauthor={Osman Elsaid Adlan Abdelkareem, Yahia Ibrahim Mohammed Abutaba, Salih Omer Tutu, Ali mohamed Ali  Alsammani },pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Biodiversity, key words: Forst gaps, South Kordofan, Umabdalla forest},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{The Causes of Forest Gaps and Means of Biodiversity Conservation in Um Abdalla Forest , South Kordofan , Sudan\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Osman Elsaid Adlan Abdelkareem, Institute of Gum Arabic Research and Desertification Studies, University of Kordofan, Elobied, Sudan, Institute of Gum Arabic Research and Desertification Studies, Institute of Gum Arabic Research and Desertification Studies, University of Kordofan Elobied Sudan P.o Box 160, 51111~Elobeid, Sudan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{osmanraasta@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Osman Elsaid Adlan Abdelkareem$^{1}$, Yahia Ibrahim Mohammed Abutaba$^{2}$, Salih Omer Tutu$^{3}$, Ali mohamed Ali  Alsammani $^{4}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Institute of Gum Arabic Research and Desertification Studies, University of Kordofan, Elobied, Sudan, Institute of Gum Arabic Research and Desertification Studies, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Kordofan, Sudan, Dept. of Forestry \& Range Sciences, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Kordofan, Sudan, Dept. of Forestry \& Range Sciences, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$University of Kordofan , Dept. of Forestry and Range Sciences, Sudan}}}
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\index[author]{Abdelkareem, Osman Elsaid Adlan}
\index[author]{Abutaba, Yahia Ibrahim Mohammed}
\index[author]{Tutu, Salih Omer}
\index[author]{Alsammani , Ali mohamed Ali }
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Abstract: This study was conducted in Umabdalla natural forest reserve, South Kordofan, Sudan. The study aimed at assessing forest gaps and their causes and extends of development into large area of deforestation and loss of biodiversity. The study depended on social survey via questionnaires distributed among respondents at different levels to collect data on people knowledge about forest gaps and changes.  Four villages out of fourteen villages around Umabdalla forest were randomly selected, based on that twenty five respondents from each village were randomly selected and interviewed. Also a quick resource assessment employing line transect along the forest reserve was conducted and gap area were measured. The results of this study revealed that Umabdalla natural forest is rich in tree biodiversity around 53 species were recorded.  Also the results revealed that gaps in the forest represent \mbox{36.04\,\%}. The forest gaps categorised into bare land, cultivated land, range land and settlement areas.  The majority (\mbox{94\,\%}) of respondents confirmed that the main causes of forest gaps were identified to include tree cutting (\mbox{40\,\%}) and fires (\mbox{23.2\,\%}) beside other environmental factors. Also the study showed the forest experienced form uncontrolled grazing due the location of the forest within the main animal routes. The majority of respondent (\mbox{80\,\%}) confirmed their willingness towards protection and conservation of forest resources and agreed to replant the forest gaps. On other hand, the majority (\mbox{70\,\%}) of them secured the successful replanting of forest gaps by seedling. The study concluded that human intervention (agricultural practises, illegal cutting, fires and uncontrolled grazing) contributed very much in the forest destrction and gap ceation.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Biodiversity, key words: Forst gaps, South Kordofan, Umabdalla forest
\index[key]{Biodiversity}
\index[key]{Key words: Forst gaps}
\index[key]{South Kordofan}
\index[key]{Umabdalla forest}
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