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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Impact Assessment of Stone Bunds on Erosion and Deposition Processes in Ethiopia: Application of Conventional and Tracer Methodology},pdfauthor={Eva Obereder, Andreas Klik, Stefanie Wakolbinger, Gema Guzman, Stefan Strohmeier, Nigus Demelash Melaku, Jose Alfonso Gomez},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Erosion plots, Ethiopia, soil erosion, stone bunds, surface runoff},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Impact Assessment of Stone Bunds on Erosion and Deposition Processes in Ethiopia: Application of Conventional and Tracer Methodology\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Andreas Klik, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, Vienna, Austria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{andreas.klik@boku.ac.at}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Eva Obereder$^{1}$, Andreas Klik$^{2}$, Stefanie Wakolbinger$^{3}$, Gema Guzman$^{4}$, Stefan Strohmeier$^{5}$, Nigus Demelash Melaku$^{6}$, Jose Alfonso Gomez$^{7}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Institute of Hydrauilics and Rural Water Management, Austria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, Austria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, Austria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS-CSIC), Spain}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{5}$International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Jordan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{6}$University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Austria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{7}$Institute for Sustainable Agriculture-CSIC, Spain}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Obereder, Eva}
\index[author]{Klik, Andreas}
\index[author]{Wakolbinger, Stefanie}
\index[author]{Guzman, Gema}
\index[author]{Strohmeier, Stefan}
\index[author]{Melaku, Nigus Demelash}
\index[author]{Gomez, Jose Alfonso}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Different soil and water conservation methods intend to prevent ongoing land degradation, which is triggered by rainfall driven soil erosion in the Ethiopian agricultural lands. A commonly used technique is the construction of stone bunds. Although the expected effect is a reduction of surface runoff and soil loss, their behaviour and effectiveness is not always clear and they seem to be strongly dependant on their age.



Thus, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of stone bunds on surface runoff and soil loss by combining conventional and tracer methodology.



In June 2015 two controlled field experiments were set up in the Gumara-Maksegnit watershed in Northern Ethiopia. It consisted of three consecutive 20\,$\times$\,\mbox{4\,m}, divided by stone bunds. With this plot setup it was possible to measure the weekly surface runoff and soil loss of the side flows along the 1\textsuperscript{st}, 2nd and 3rd stone bund, as well as the overflow over the last stone bund. To assess the pathway and the spatial distribution of the sediments a different tracer (Magnetite, Hematite and Goethite) was applied in a \mbox{40\,cm} wide strip at the top of each one of the plots.



The second tracer experiment was conducted on the same hillslope. It consisted of a \mbox{20\,m} long unbordered hillslope, with a \mbox{4\,m} long and \mbox{40\,cm} wide Magnetite strip placed at the top.



At the end of August 2015 and for both trials, soil samples of 0--\mbox{2\,cm} depth were taken in a 1.5\,$\times$\,\mbox{1.5\,m} grid within the area of the cascade and the hillslope, respectively. For the hillslope experiment additionally soil samples parallel to the stone bund (above and underneath) were taken along \mbox{16\,m} to assess the soil movement.



Runoff and sediment were collected in weekly intervals from July to September. Tracer concentrations of soil and sediment samples in both trials were analysed.



Surface runoff and sediment yield data, as well as the results of the tracer experiments are presented.



}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Erosion plots, Ethiopia, soil erosion, stone bunds, surface runoff
\index[key]{Erosion plots}
\index[key]{Ethiopia}
\index[key]{Soil!erosion}
\index[key]{Stone bunds}
\index[key]{Surface runoff}
\end{document}
