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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Heavy Metal Levels in \textit{Amaranthus} Species from Chang'ombe"=Mchicha Area in Temeke District, Dar"=es"=Salaam, Tanzania},pdfauthor={Minati Sahu, David Sylvester Kacholi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Contaminant, daily intake, lead, vegetables},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Heavy Metal Levels in \textit{Amaranthus} Species from Chang'ombe"=Mchicha Area in Temeke District, Dar"=es"=Salaam, Tanzania\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} David Sylvester Kacholi, Dar es Salaam University College of Education (DUCE), Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 45926, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{kacholi78@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Minati Sahu, David Sylvester Kacholi}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Dar es Salaam University College of Education (DUCE), Biological Sciences, Tanzania}}}
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\index[author]{Sahu, Minati}
\index[author]{Kacholi, David Sylvester}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Green leafy vegetables are important food for people and animals. They are popular around the world and they form part of daily diets in many of the households as they are vital source of vitamins, minerals, fibres, and antioxidants required for human health. Although green leafy vegetables occupy a very important place in human diet, unfortunately constitute a group of foods which contributes maximally to heavy metal consumption. This study focuses on the concentration levels of heavy metals copper, zinc, lead, iron and cobalt in \textit{Amaranthus} species grown in a local garden located at Chang'ombe-Mchicha area in Temeke District in Dar-es-Salaam region, Tanzania. The garden is irrigated by wastewater from a stream flowing nearby and which passes through the industrial areas before reaching the garden. The heavy metal levels in the vegetable were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The findings revealed leaves to have higher heavy metal concentrations than stems and roots. The average concentration for copper ranged from 1.14 to 1.70 mg/100g dry weight, zinc 6.87 to 11.59 mg/100g, iron 13.40 to 33.65 mg/100g, lead 0.49 to 2.27 mg/100g, and cobalt 0.14 to 0.27 mg/100g. These values were higher than the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake standards recommended by FAO/WHO codex committee on contaminants in foods. The high observed values put consumers of the vegetable grown in the study area at health risk over time unless urgent and right steps are taken by the responsible authority to address this issue. Thus, the findings are important to consumers and policy makers.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Contaminant, daily intake, lead, vegetables
\index[key]{Contaminant}
\index[key]{Daily intake}
\index[key]{Lead}
\index[key]{Vegetables}
\end{document}
