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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Home Gardens as a Solution to Food Insecurity and Community Detriment in North Kordofan State, Sudan},pdfauthor={Mohamed El Nour Taha, Muneer Elyas Siddig Eltahir, Hatim Mohamed Ahmed Elamin, Mahgoub Mukhtar, Hagir Elnasri},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Community detriment, food insecurity, home gardens, Jabareek, vegetable crops},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Home Gardens as a Solution to Food Insecurity and Community Detriment in North Kordofan State, Sudan\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Mohamed El Nour Taha, University of Kordofan, Forestry and Range Sciences, Algamaa Street, 00249~P. O. Box 160 Elobeid, Sudan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{nour54321@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Mohamed El Nour Taha$^{1}$, Muneer Elyas Siddig Eltahir$^{2}$, Hatim Mohamed Ahmed Elamin$^{3}$, Mahgoub Mukhtar$^{4}$, Hagir Elnasri$^{5}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Kordofan, Forestry and Range Sciences, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Kordofan, Gum Arabic Research Centre, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Kordofan, Department of Gum production, Gum Arabic Research Centre, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Kordofan University, Forestry and Range Sciences, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{5}$Khartoum University, Faculty of Forestry, Forest management, Sudan}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Taha, Mohamed El Nour}
\index[author]{Eltahir, Muneer Elyas Siddig}
\index[author]{Elamin, Hatim Mohamed Ahmed}
\index[author]{Mukhtar, Mahgoub}
\index[author]{Elnasri, Hagir}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Cultivation of home gardens locally known as Jabareek existing around Elobeid city and rural areas of North Kordofan State, Sudan is an inherited practice since forties of 20\textsuperscript{th} century. It is very common traditional activity for fast"=growing/early"=maturing and cost"=effective vegetable crops. Current research was conducted during rainy season 2015 to investigate role of Jabareek in food security and their contribution to livelihood of rural communities in three sites; Khor-Tagat Eddajo, Umbaooda and Almamsuka, where Jabareek are extensively and seriously practised. Data was collected through key"=informant interviews and Focus Group Discussions. Main findings revealed that elder people and women are fully involved according to perfectly recognisable schedule. Jubraka (singular of Jabareek) covers small area maximum 0.42 hectare. Jabareek are established in attach to rural houses or in walkable distances from farmlands. Main crops grown are Cucumber, Okra and cowpea. In average, production activity extends 40 to 60 days. Jabareek provide preferably edible high quality products for household consumption and timely early source of income comprising \mbox{27\,\%} of total household farm annual returns for more than \mbox{70\,\%} of rural people particularly women. Management is mainly done on personal bases and protection against domestic animals is hardly required using branches of spiny trees and shrubs. Wherever additional source of water is available, production could be achieved twice a year. Pests and diseases impede development of crops; cucumber is preferably edible product for borers. Recently farmers used to control spreading of borers by applying environment"=friendly local manure. Paper suggested actionable plans to improve Jabareek practice and develop know"=how techniques for attaining high production.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Community detriment, food insecurity, home gardens, Jabareek, vegetable crops
\index[key]{Community!detriment}
\index[key]{Food!insecurity}
\index[key]{Home gardens}
\index[key]{Jabareek}
\index[key]{Vegetable crops}
\end{document}
