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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Modernisation of Agriculture in Dry Zone Sri Lanka: A Critical Perspective},pdfauthor={Köpke Sören, Sisira Withanachchi, Ruwan Pathiranage, Permini Weerasekara, Angelika Ploeger, Chandana R. Withanachchi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Green Revolution, sri Lanka, traditional knowledge, tropical agriculture, vulnerability},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Modernisation of Agriculture in Dry Zone Sri Lanka: A Critical Perspective\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Köpke Sören, Tu Braunschweig  University of Braunschweig, Institute of Technology, Institute for Social Sciences, Steinfeldstr. 27, 30453~Hannover, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{soeren@fofj.org}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Köpke Sören$^{1}$, Sisira Withanachchi$^{2}$, Ruwan Pathiranage$^{3}$, Permini Weerasekara$^{4}$, Angelika Ploeger$^{5}$, Chandana R. Withanachchi$^{6}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Tu Braunschweig  University of Braunschweig, Institute of Technology, Institute for Social Sciences, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Kassel, Section of Organic Food Quality and Food Culture, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Eco-collective Research Association, Sri Lanka, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{5}$University of Kassel, Section of Organic Food Quality and Food Culture, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{6}$Rajarata Unversity, Faculty of Social Sciences, Sri Lanka}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Sören, Köpke}
\index[author]{Withanachchi, Sisira}
\index[author]{Pathiranage, Ruwan}
\index[author]{Weerasekara, Permini}
\index[author]{Ploeger, Angelika}
\index[author]{Withanachchi, Chandana R.}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Sri Lanka's agricultural sector has a dual character: An export"=driven estate sector in the wet zone, and a smallholder"=oriented sector in the dry zone, which covers two third of the country. The latter will be examined in the scope of the paper, which is based on frequent field research and employs a trans"=disciplinary approach. Dry zone agriculture is understood in its historical development as a focal point of diverse and often contradictory policies and processes. 



Since independence, small"=scale paddy farming in the dry zone has been seen as the epitome of Sri Lankan rural lifestyle. The authors observe the marginalisation of the socio"=economic interests of small scale farming households, as they are contested by different development priorities.  An epidemic of chronic kidney disease likely related to use of agrochemicals is most drastically exemplifying the insight that the ``Green Revolution'' model of farming has come to its social and environmental limits.  The decline in chena farming, a form of swidden agriculture, indicates how traditional knowledge has been dispraised. 



While other sectors of Sri Lanka's economy are experiencing sheer unprecedented growth as part of the peace dividend after the end of the Civil War in 2009, smallholder agriculture seems to be stagnating, locked in unsustainable practices. Droughts and floods contribute greatly to the vulnerability of the rural population in the dry zone. Smallholder livelihoods are also impacted by conservation concerns, as clashes with wild elephants are increasing. 



In combining socio"=economic, ecological and historical dimensions in a critical perspective, the paper seeks to highlight power asymmetries in the process of agricultural modernisation in dry zone Sri Lanka. It also points to the instances of resistance and self"=organisation evident in rural communities.  



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Green Revolution, sri Lanka, traditional knowledge, tropical agriculture, vulnerability
\index[key]{Green Revolution}
\index[key]{Sri Lanka}
\index[key]{Traditional knowledge}
\index[key]{Tropical agriculture}
\index[key]{Vulnerability}
\end{document}
