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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Analysis of Genetic Difference Within and Between Wild Relatives of Sorghum in Sudan Using SSRS},pdfauthor={Yasir Gamar, Elfadil Adam},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Genetic diversity, sorghum, SSRS markers, structure, Sudan, wild relatives},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Analysis of Genetic Difference Within and Between Wild Relatives of Sorghum in Sudan Using SSRS\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Yasir Gamar, Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), Sorghum Breeding and Genetics, Sinnar Street, 79371~Medani, Sudan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{gamarotta@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Yasir Gamar, Elfadil Adam}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), Sudan}}}
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\index[author]{Gamar, Yasir}
\index[author]{Adam, Elfadil}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Sorghum (\textit{Sorghum bicolor} (L.) Moench) originated in East Africa specifically Sudan and Ethiopia where wild relatives of sorghum are widely distributed. The wild relatives harbor important genes. However they are often neglected and orphaned. This study aimed to explore genetic diversity among the accessions, and the results will enhance the utilisation of wild sorghum in Sudan. 59 wild and cultivated sorghum accessions, representing three sorghum growing regions in Sudan: Gezira state (central), North Kordofan (western), and the Gadareff area (eastern). The materials were assessed for genetic diversity and population structure using a panel of 32 SSR markers. A total of 255 allelic variations were detected with a mean of 0.6721. The polymorphic information content (PIC) value averaged 0.6301 showing the polymorphic and discriminatory nature of the selected markers. The populations showed little external gene"=flow. Variations calculated with AMOVA are lower among populations (\mbox{4\,\%}), moderate within individuals (\mbox{23\,\%}), and higher among individuals within population (\mbox{73\,\%}). A rooted neighbour"=joining tree of four sorghum cultivars and 55 wild relatives revealed three distinct groups independent on their geographical origins. The results will be useful for future collection and utilisation in genetics and breeding program.



The results revealed high allelic richness and genetic diversity inthe wild relatives of sorghum in Sudan. Further, it showed genetic diversity among wild sorghum with low differences between populations. A rooted neighbour"=joining tree developed using 32  SSRs markers separated 59 wild relatives and cultivated sorghum into three major clusters with no effect from their geographical origins. Identity Bayesian model"=based cluster analysis assumed only two genetic groups (K=2). The study calculated high level of inbreeding and drift which means the wild types are isolated and/or were developed through aggressive selection in which is logically in consistent because the wild types are grown and maintained naturally. These results suggest self compatibility in wild relatives of sorghum which hasnot yetbeen explored and exploited. Wild relatives with useful traits, a broad genetic baseand high diversity can be targeted in future studies using a molecular approach to restore lost genes and identify new sources of resistance.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Genetic diversity, sorghum, SSRS markers, structure, Sudan, wild relatives
\index[key]{Genetic diversity}
\index[key]{Wild relatives}
\index[key]{Sorghum}
\index[key]{SSRS markers}
\index[key]{Sudan}
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