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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Do Social Networks Have Effects on the Risk Attitude of Small"=scale Poultry Farmers? Evidence from Southwest Nigeria.  },pdfauthor={Oluwakemi  Adeola Obayelu, Olukemi Olowe, Temitope Faleye},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Multi-risk analysis, social capital, two-stage least square},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Do Social Networks Have Effects on the Risk Attitude of Small"=scale Poultry Farmers? Evidence from Southwest Nigeria.  \footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Oluwakemi  Adeola Obayelu, University of Ibadan, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Ibadan, Nigeria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{obayelu@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Oluwakemi  Adeola Obayelu$^{1}$, Olukemi Olowe$^{2}$, Temitope Faleye$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Ibadan, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Agricultural Economics, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Ibadan, Agricultural Economics, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Obayelu, Oluwakemi  Adeola}
\index[author]{Olowe, Olukemi}
\index[author]{Faleye, Temitope}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Most poultry farms in Nigeria are small"=scale and highly prone to risks. In response to the high multitude of risk factors in agriculture, farmers have developed risk management skills. This includes building strong social networks which can contribute to making ex"=ante as well as ex"=post risk management more efficient, thereby reducing the risk faced by the farmers. Social capital refers to the institutions, relationships and norms that shape the quality and quantity of a society's social interactions. A multi"=stage sampling technique was employed in the selection of the poultry farmers and data were analysed using descriptive statistics, factorial analysis and a two"=stage least square Results showed that \mbox{52.5\,\%}, \mbox{37.5\,\%} and \mbox{10\,\%} of the poultry farmers were risk averse, risk neutral and risk preferring respectively. About half of both the male and female farmers respectively were risk averse while about 12 percent and 0.67 percent of the male and female farmers respectively were risk preferring. Two"=fifth of the farmers had university education while a tenth of them had no formal education. About \mbox{95\,\%} of the risk preferers had tertiary education while about \mbox{54\,\%} of farmers with secondary education were risk neutral. Two"=thirds of all the farmers and a higher proportion of the farmers in all the risk groups had access to credit. A two"=fifth of the farmers did not belong to poultry farmers association and they formed the highest proportion of farmers in the three risk groups. About a fifth, a quarter and two"=thirds of  the risk averse, risk neutral and risk takers respectively had a decision making index of 21--\mbox{30\,\%}. Heterogeneity of social groups was generally low among the poultry farmers. Fourteen percent of the farmers belonged to homogeneous groups while \mbox{45\,\%} of them belonged to groups with six to ten heterogeneity index and they constituted the highest percentage in the three risk groups. Estimation of the endogeneity effect of social capital using instrumental variables showed an improvement in the adjusted R$^{2}$ and coefficient of social capital index over Ordinary least Square estimates infers that social capital is truly exogenous and the absence of reverse causality.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Multi"=risk analysis, social capital, two"=stage least square
\index[key]{Multi"=risk analysis}
\index[key]{Social!capital}
\index[key]{Two"=stage least square}
\end{document}
