\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Understanding Farmers Decision Making in the Transition to Climate"=Smart Agriculture Using Game Elements},pdfauthor={Anton Eitzinger},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Adaptation, climate change, climate-smart agriculture, economic games, smallholders},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Understanding Farmers Decision Making in the Transition to Climate"=Smart Agriculture Using Game Elements\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Anton Eitzinger, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Decision and Policy Analysis Program (DAPA), Ciat A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{a.eitzinger@cgiar.org}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Anton Eitzinger}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Decision and Policy Analysis Program (DAPA), Colombia}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Eitzinger, Anton}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Climate change is a major challenge for the twenty"=first century and achieving the sustainable development goals. We need to build sustainable food systems, reduce our emissions while increasing well"=being of smallholders in developing countries. Adaptation to climate change is made up of actions by agents throughout society, by individuals, groups and governments at local, regional and national scales, and international agencies. While top"=down approaches of adaptation actions rely on policies and institutions, bottom"=up approaches work through a participatory process with the relevant stakeholders and experts. Smallholders are especially vulnerable to climate change and need climate"=resilient pathways in the future. A transition to Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) would shield farmers from the adverse effects of climate variability, improves farm yields and household incomes, for stronger and more resilient communities. However, measures need to be cost"=effective for farmers, environmentally sustainable, culturally compatible and socially acceptable. We hypothesise that smallholders are challenged to understand multiple socio"=ecological factors, trade"=offs, related costs and financing mechanism when being confronted with CSA in practice. In our study we carried out interviews about farmers perceptions, on climate risks, economic games and choice experiments with focal groups, and crowd sourcing surveys with farmers. We used the collected data to develop an agent based model to evaluate the decision"=making processes of land managers that drive land"=use change and we examined the possible success rate of CSA in the study area. We chose Colombia and the Cauca department to test our methods and our preliminary results show that climate risks are often not explicitly perceived by farmers and that socially rooted barriers may impede farmers for implementing CSA practices. We found that interventions and adaptation action must be gender sensitive and support female farmers in a changing climate. One conclusion that may be drawn from our ongoing work is that game is a valuable tool for evaluating the complexity of the multiple nonlinear feedback loops between land management, productivity, environmental quality, and human well"=being in order to guarantee a transition to sustainable and resilient smallholder landscapes.}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Adaptation, climate change, climate-smart agriculture, economic games, smallholders
\index[key]{Adaptation}
\index[key]{Climate change}
\index[key]{Climate-Smart agriculture}
\index[key]{Economic!games}
\index[key]{Smallholders}
\end{document}
