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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Geographical Indications in Morocco: a Biodiversity Dilemma},pdfauthor={Mariagiulia Mariani},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Biodiversity, geographical indications, Morocco, rural development},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Geographical Indications in Morocco: a Biodiversity Dilemma\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Mariagiulia Mariani, Cirad, Umr Innovation, Avenue Agropolis, Montpellier, France, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{mariagiuliam@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Mariagiulia Mariani}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Cirad, Umr Innovation, France}}}
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\index[author]{Mariani, Mariagiulia}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Biodiversity, in its broad definition, includes species, genetic, and ecological diversity and is critically addressed as a key factor to guarantee economic development of local food systems. Certainly, Geographical Indication (GI) systems have an effect on the economic development and on the agrobiodiversity of a specific area. In particular, in the Global South, GIs are considered as an effective tool for defending biodiversity while creating economic activity. However, difference within countries based on legal frameworks and interpretation of GI systems could possibly determine contradictory outputs.







This paper aims to explore how the GIs system implemented in Morocco since 2008 (law 25--06) tackles the notion of biodiversity and sustainable development. We point that the Moroccan GIs system is based on rural development and hardly considers local biodiversity as a developing pillar. In fact, the current national agricultural plan (Green Morocco Plan) expects terroir products, and GIs in particular, to serve regional development of marginal areas (e.g. mountains, desert) by means of strengthening localised production systems. However, since GIs are set up on the basis of local resources and governance, they may indirectly have positive contribution to some aspects of biodiversity while strengthening local awareness and cooperation.







Our argument is based on the case study of the Chefchaouen goat cheese, manufactured on the Rif mountains. Fieldworks have been conducted over 6 months in 2014 and 2015 with mainly anthropological tools. In this economically marginal area, forests and pastoralism are a valuable common resource. Since 2011, Chefchaouen goat cheese PGI is recognised. The only producer is the Majbane Chefchaouen dairy, managed by the National Association of Sheep and Goats Breeders, which transforms the milk collected from a forty farmers cooperative. Alpine goats --  more productive and less dependent on natural pasture -- progressively substitute the mixed local breed. Milk is pasteurised and a French"=style lactic cheese manufactured.







This paper shows that the setting up of a GI may have contradictory outputs on the local biodiversity, according to which level is considered  (local resources like forests, genetic resource, microbiological and cultural diversity).
}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Biodiversity, geographical indications, Morocco, rural development
\index[key]{Biodiversity}
\index[key]{Geographical indications}
\index[key]{Morocco}
\index[key]{Rural!development}
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