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\hypersetup{pdftitle={The Importance of Shea Industry in Reducing Poverty among Northern Rural Poor in Ghana: Case Study of Four Communities in Sumbrungu Area of the Bolgatanga Municipality},pdfauthor={Alena Hatskevich, Joseph Essilfie Eminzang, Jana Tamer},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Communities, households, income distribution, Northern Regions of Ghana, potential, poverty reduction, rural poverty, shea butter, shea industry, Sumbrungu},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{The Importance of Shea Industry in Reducing Poverty among Northern Rural Poor in Ghana: Case Study of Four Communities in Sumbrungu Area of the Bolgatanga Municipality\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Alena Hatskevich, University of Economics, Prague, International Business, Kon&#283;vova 198, 130 00~Prague, Czech Republic, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{hatskevich@seznam.cz}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Alena Hatskevich$^{1}$, Joseph Essilfie Eminzang$^{2}$, Jana Tamer$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Economics, Prague, International Business, Czech Republic}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Electricity Company of Ghana, Electrical Engineering, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Economics, Prague, International Business, Czech Republic}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Hatskevich, Alena}
\index[author]{Essilfie Eminzang, Joseph}
\index[author]{Tamer, Jana}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
It has been mentioned by many authors that the shea industry has the potential to alleviate rural poverty in the Northern Regions of Ghana and the Sub-Saharan zone as a whole where shea trees are found. 



This article is concerned with identifying factors of shea picker and shea butter producer income in four communities in the Sumbrungu area of the Bolgatanga Municipality of the Upper East Region of Ghana. This is to find out the ability of shea industry to alleviate poverty. 



Questionnaires were administered and followed by interviews and discussions. The source of information was from 97 shea picker, 33 butter producer households and 11 organisations. Furthermore, factors of shea butter production costs were determined and analyses of income distribution were made.



Household income regression analysis indicated that the shea industry contributes with a greater portion to the income of the shea picker and shea butter producer households. This means that when the shea industry is well"=developed, it seriously increases household income of the families engaged in the shea industry. The results of income distribution also show that income is well"=distributed with behaviour close to the normal. Implementation of the same poverty reduction strategy, well"=planned and targeted for any of the locations in the whole area of Sumbrungu, will have equal effect in all communities. 



The results of the work show that the shea industry could be an effective source of poverty reduction in the Northern Regions of Ghana. Though the shea industry has a great potential, not much has been done to fully exploit its advantages in the research area. A good policy development and implementation are tools for realising the above. The lack of policy directives and the absence of microfinances, which can serve as a catalyst for the development and growth of the shea industry, are hampering its potential as an effective engine for poverty alleviation. 



Seven main recommendations were made. If they are implemented, it will enhance the potential of the shea industry and at the same time will reduce poverty in the research area. 



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Communities, households, income distribution, Northern Regions of Ghana, potential, poverty reduction, rural poverty, shea butter, shea industry, Sumbrungu
\index[key]{Communities}
\index[key]{Households}
\index[key]{Income distribution}
\index[key]{Northern Regions of Ghana}
\index[key]{Potential}
\index[key]{Poverty reduction}
\index[key]{Rural!poverty}
\index[key]{Shea butter}
\index[key]{Shea industry}
\index[key]{Sumbrungu}
\end{document}
