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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Analysis of Income,food Consumption and Expenditure Pattern in Kaura Lga of Kaduna State,nigeria},pdfauthor={Elias Manza, Titus Garba, George Bivan},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Expenditure, Food Consumption, Households, income, Primary Farmers and Secondary     Farmers},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Analysis of Income,food Consumption and Expenditure Pattern in Kaura Lga of Kaduna State,nigeria\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Elias Manza, Kaduna State University, Agricultural Economics and Extension, Kafanchan, Nigeria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{rhodelgevan@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Elias Manza$^{1}$, Titus Garba$^{2}$, George Bivan$^{3}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Kaduna State University, Agricultural Economics and Extension, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Central Bank of Nigeria,jos Office,jos,nigeria, Development Finance, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Kaduna State University,kafanchan Campus,kafanchan, Agricultural Economics and Extension, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Manza, Elias}
\index[author]{Garba, Titus}
\index[author]{Bivan, George}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Abstract



This paper seeks to analyse the income, food consumption and expenditure pattern of rural households. The paper aims to compare the income of households whose primary occupation is farming (primary farmers) with those whose primary occupation is other jobs (secondary farmers), examine the expenditure pattern among the rural households and analyse the factors influencing the consumption pattern of rural households. A total of 150 households were selected through multistage sampling procedure. Primary data was used which was collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics involving frequencies, mean, standard deviation and percentages were used. Similarly, t"=test, ANOVA and Duncan range test were carried out. The result showed that of the 150 households studied,\mbox{74.5\,\%} had farming as primary occupation while \mbox{25.5\,\%} had other occupations as primary occupation. The t"=test showed that the income earned by these two groups was not significant at \mbox{5\,\%} probability. Comparing the income and expenditure of both groups showed that there was significant difference suggesting that the households spent more than their declared incomes. This could mean that other sources of income might have not been captured. Looking at the spending habit of the households, the results showed that at \mbox{5\,\%} probability, there was a significant difference between the expenditure in the different categories of food, social, education ,house maintenance, transportation, farm, health and miscellaneous. The Duncan Range Multiple test showed that the highest expenditure was on food followed by education, transport, farm, house maintenance , health, miscellaneous and social. Overall, on the average \mbox{29.6\,\%} and \mbox{59.7\,\%} of the income of the primary farmers and secondary farmers was spent on food though not significant at \mbox{10\,\%} probability. The differences in the expenditure on education, social, health and farm were significant at \mbox{1\,\%} probability. We conclude that farming is lucrative since the income from farming and the income from other jobs was not significant at \mbox{5\,\%} probability. We recommend that finding markets for agricultural products in other States of Nigeria, the West African region and other parts of the world would further enhance farm incomes.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Expenditure, Food Consumption, Households, income, Primary Farmers and Secondary     Farmers
\index[key]{Expenditure}
\index[key]{Food!Consumption}
\index[key]{Households}
\index[key]{Income}
\index[key]{Primary Farmers and Secondary     Farmers}
\end{document}
