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\hypersetup{pdftitle={In"=vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Methane Gas Production of Rice Straw Supplemented with Kapok Leaf Meal (ceiba pentendra)},pdfauthor={Terry Ansah, Wilson Dogbe, Shedarck Cudjoe},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Ceiba pentandra, crop residue, crude protein, in vitro gas production, methane, NDF},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{In"=vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Methane Gas Production of Rice Straw Supplemented with Kapok Leaf Meal (ceiba pentendra)\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Terry Ansah, University for Development Studies, Faculty of Agriculture-Animal Science, P.O.Box 1882, Tamale, Ghana, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{ansahterry@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Terry Ansah$^{1}$, Wilson Dogbe$^{2}$, Shedarck Cudjoe$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University for Development Studies, Faculty of Agriculture-Animal Science, Ghana}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Csir-sari, Ghana, Sari, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Univeristy for Development Studies, Faculty of Agriculture-animal Science, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Ansah, Terry}
\index[author]{Dogbe, Wilson}
\index[author]{Cudjoe, Shedarck}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The study was conducted to investigate the effect of rice straw variety with or without tanniferous Ceiba pentandra on \textit{in~vitro} rumen fermentation and methane production. The treatments were 5 varieties supplemented with 3 levels of tanniferous Ceiba pentandra in a 5 (Rice straw) * 3 (Ceiba pentandra) factorial in completely randomised design. The five varieties of rice straw were 572HYB2, EXBAIKA, GBEWAA, IR 841 (Agra rice) and LONG.G.ORD. The inclusion level of the Ceiba pentandra was \mbox{0\,\%} (sole rice straw), \mbox{25\,\%} Ceiba pentandra and \mbox{50\,\%} Ceiba pentandra. The samples were analysed for CP, NDF, ADF and Ash. Approximately 0.2 g of each treatment was weighed into 50 ml test tube and 30 ml McDougall's buffered rumen fluid added. The test tubes with the samples were capped and placed in a water bath set to a temperature of 390C. Gas production was measured at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48 h using a digital manometer. After 48 h, the biogas analyser (PGD 3 Status scientific Controls LTD, UK) was connected to the test tubes for methane and carbon dioxide analysis. The crude protein (CP) concentration of the rice straw varieties increased with an increase in the level of Ceiba pentandra. The NDF ranged from \unitfrac[622]{g}{kg} DM to \unitfrac[913]{g}{kg} DM for variety IR842 (\mbox{0\,\%}) and Long. G. Ord (\mbox{25\,\%}) respectively. The ADF was in the range of \unitfrac[299.7]{g}{kg} DM and \unitfrac[483.6]{g}{kg} DM with the lowest reported in IR842 (\mbox{50\,\%}) and the highest in Long. G. Ord (\mbox{0\,\%}). There was significant variety by Ceiba pentandra interaction on methane producion (CH$_{4}^{}$) and carbon dioxide (CO$_{2}$). Mean values of potential degradability (b), rate of degradation (c), gas production at 24 h (IVG24h) and gas production at 48 h (IVG48h) were not affected ($p > 0.05$) by the treatments. A positive correlation was reported between ADF and CH$_{4}^{}$. The results of the study showed that the CP concentration of rice straw was improved when Ceiba pentandra was used as a replacement and the CH$_{4}^{}$ emissions from the digestion of the rice straw was also influenced by the variety and kapok levels.}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Ceiba pentandra, crop residue, crude protein, \textit{in~vitro} gas production, methane, NDF
\index[key]{Ceiba pentandra}
\index[key]{Crop!residue}
\index[key]{Crude protein}
\index[key]{\textit{In~vitro} gas production}
\index[key]{Methane}
\index[key]{NDF}
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