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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Simulating Rice Development, Growth and Yield in an Inland Valley Swamp in Central Uganda},pdfauthor={Kristina Grotelüschen, Susanne Ziegler, Matthias Langensiepen, Kalimuthu Senthilkumar, Mathias Becker},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={APSIM-Oryza, Crop Modelling, rice, Uganda, Wetlands, Yield Gaps},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Simulating Rice Development, Growth and Yield in an Inland Valley Swamp in Central Uganda\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Kristina Grotelüschen, University of Bonn, Inst. of Crop Sci. and Res. Conserv. (INRES), Stettiner Str. 2, 27793~Wildeshausen, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{k.grotelueschen@posteo.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Kristina Grotelüschen$^{1}$, Susanne Ziegler$^{2}$, Matthias Langensiepen$^{3}$, Kalimuthu Senthilkumar$^{4}$, Mathias Becker$^{5}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Bonn, Inst. of Crop Sci. and Res. Conserv. (INRES), Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Bonn, Inst. of Organic Agriculture, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Bonn, Inst. Crop Sci. and Res. Conserv. (INRES), Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), East and Southern Africa, Tanzania}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{5}$University of Bonn, Inst. Crop Sci. and Res. Conserv. (INRES) - Plant Nutrition, Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Grotelüschen, Kristina}
\index[author]{Ziegler, Susanne}
\index[author]{Langensiepen, Matthias}
\index[author]{Senthilkumar, Kalimuthu}
\index[author]{Becker, Mathias}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The release of the NERICA (New Rice for Africa) upland rice varieties supported a vast expansion of rice growing areas across Uganda during the turn of the century. Productivity, however, remains low due to sub"=optimal management practices and reinforces further expansion of cropping area. To meet current and future demand, a rise in productivity is desirable. Addressing climatic variability, this study aims to develop a simulation tool for assessing crop production potentials and ideal cropping patterns under variable hydrological conditions to help minimise risks and maximise production in a sustainable way. 







Rice experiments were set up in the fringe, middle and centre zones of an inland valley swamp near Namulonge town following a hydrological gradient and using the short"=season upland rice variety NERICA 4. Water, weed and nutrient management treatments were varied in a randomised complete block design and included common farmers` practice. APSIM-\textit{Oryza }was calibrated and subsequently validated using agronomic data from two successive field seasons (2014--2016) including data on crop phenology, biomass accumulation, and grain yield and quality parameters such as 1000-kernel weight. Effects of changing flood conditions and transitions between aerobic and anaerobic soil conditions on rice production systems were addressed and characterised using the APSIM-Pond module. The variety specific development rate parameters are recognised as four phenological phases, (in °C d$^{-1}$); the development stages (DVS) from emergence to start of photoperiod sensitivity (DVS 0.0--0.4), photoperiod sensitivity to panicle initiation (DVS 0.4--0.65), panicle initiation to start flowering (DVS 0.65--1.0), and flowering to physiological maturity (DVS 1.0--2.0). 



Preliminary results indicate that NERICA 4 reaches flowering 69 --- 74 days after transplanting (DAT) and physiological maturity between 114 --- 119 DAT. Attainable yields under optimal growing conditions varied between 4.5 and 7.1 t ha$^{-1}$, whereas only 1.4--3.2 t ha$^{-1}$ were obtained from common farmers´ practice. This presentation provides first scenario analysis of management and hydrological zoning effects on rice development, growth and yield under different production conditions in an inland valley swamp of Namulonge.  



}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} APSIM-Oryza, Crop Modelling, rice, Uganda, Wetlands, Yield Gaps
\index[key]{APSIM-Oryza}
\index[key]{Crop!Modelling}
\index[key]{Rice}
\index[key]{Uganda}
\index[key]{Wetlands}
\index[key]{Yield Gaps}
\end{document}
