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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Hydro"=edaphic Characterisation in Vertisols under Different Land Use Systems},pdfauthor={María Inés Yáñez Díaz, Israel Cantu Silva, Humberto Gonzalez Rodriguez, Jose Marmolejo Moncivais, Enrique Jurado, Marco V. Gómez Meza, Rodolfo Alejandro Martinez Soto},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, Infiltration, land use systems, Vertisols},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Hydro"=edaphic Characterisation in Vertisols under Different Land Use Systems\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} María Inés Yáñez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Carretera Nacional km 145, 67755~Linares , Mexico, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{inesyd@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{María Inés Yáñez Díaz$^{1}$, Israel Cantu Silva$^{2}$, Humberto Gonzalez Rodriguez$^{3}$, Jose Marmolejo Moncivais$^{4}$, Enrique Jurado$^{5}$, Marco V. Gómez Meza$^{6}$, Rodolfo Alejandro Martinez Soto$^{7}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Mexico}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Mexico}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Fac. of Forest Sciences, Mexico}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Silviculture and Forest Management, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{5}$Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, School of Forest Sciences, Mexico}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{6}$Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Faculty of Economy, Mexico}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{7}$Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Agroforestry Department, Mexico}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Yáñez Díaz, María Inés}
\index[author]{Cantu Silva, Israel}
\index[author]{Gonzalez Rodriguez, Humberto}
\index[author]{Marmolejo Moncivais, Jose}
\index[author]{Jurado, Enrique}
\index[author]{Gómez Meza, Marco V.}
\index[author]{Martinez Soto, Rodolfo Alejandro}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The impact of use of natural resources associated with anthropogenic activities has increased evidently, not only land use changes modify the chemical properties of the soils, but can also alter their physical properties like compaction reducing porosity and negatively affecting infiltration rates. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences among four land use systems in northeast Mexico. Undisturbed soil samples were collected in a Vertisol under different land uses: grassland, agricultural,  Eucalyptus plantation and thornscrub, samples were analysed  by triplicate for bulk density (g.cm$^{-3}$) and hydraulic conductivity K (cm.s$^{-1}$), in each sampling site the mechanical resistance to penetration (kg cm$^{2}$) by Yamanaka"=type penetrometer, cumulative infiltration (cm) and infiltration rate (cm.h$^{-1}$) were measured.  The results of the hydro"=edaphic characteristics were: Bulk density 1.0, 1.1, 1.1 and 1.2 g.cm$^{-3}$ for thornscrub, agricultural, eucalyptus and grassland, respectively. Mechanical resistance to penetration ranged from \mbox{0.5\,kg}.cm$^{-2}$ (agricultural) to \mbox{5.2\,kg}.cm$^{-2}$ (grassland). In terms of hydraulic conductivity the agricultural, Eucalyptus and thornscrub systems presented good permeability values of k= 0.0137, 0.018 and \mbox{0.0133\,cm}.s$^{-1}$ respectively, while grassland system showed a poor permeability value of k= \mbox{0.0001\,cm}.s$^{-1}$. Cumulative infiltration and infiltration rates ranged from 5.9 to \mbox{10.8\,cm}.h$^{-1}$ for grassland, from 26.5 to \mbox{43.7\,cm}.h$^{-1}$ in thornscrub, from 32.2 to \mbox{55.5\,cm}.h$^{-1}$ in Eucalyptus and 36.1 to \mbox{58.5\,cm}.h$^{-1}$  in agricultural system. The analysis of variance showed significant differences (p$\leq$0.05) among land use systems for all investigated variables. The grassland system showed the highest values for bulk density and mechanical resistance to penetration, likewise shown the lowest infiltration rate. This may due to the continuous grazing with livestock in the area. Thus, it can conclude that land use changes in Vertisols modify the soil properties.}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, Infiltration, land use systems, Vertisols
\index[key]{Bulk density}
\index[key]{Hydraulic conductivity}
\index[key]{Infiltration}
\index[key]{Land!use systems}
\index[key]{Vertisols}
\end{document}
