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\hypersetup{pdftitle={The Effects of Manure, Biological and Chemical Fertilisers on Yield and some Morphological Characteristics of Aloe Vera (Aloe Burbadensis Miller.)},pdfauthor={Esmaeil Farrokhi, Alireza Koocheki, Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati, Ebrahim Farrokhi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Aloe vera, Harvest yield, Mycorrhiza, Nitragin, Sheep manure},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{The Effects of Manure, Biological and Chemical Fertilisers on Yield and some Morphological Characteristics of Aloe Vera (Aloe Burbadensis Miller.)\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Esmaeil Farrokhi, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Department of Agronomy, Azadi Square, 9177948974~Mashhad, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{es_farrokhi@stu.um.ac.ir}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Esmaeil Farrokhi$^{1}$, Alireza Koocheki$^{2}$, Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati$^{3}$, Ebrahim Farrokhi$^{4}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Department of Agronomy, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Department of Agronomy, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Department of Agronomy, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Firouz Abad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Department of Agronomy, Iran}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Farrokhi, Esmaeil}
\index[author]{Koocheki, Alireza}
\index[author]{Nassiri Mahallati, Mehdi}
\index[author]{Farrokhi, Ebrahim}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Aloe vera (Aloe burbadensis Miller.) is a permanent, evergreen species from family Aloe with special industrial and pharmaceutical applications. However, information about its agronomic management is scarce. Different options of soil fertility management for increasing yield of A. vera were studied in a field experiment. Biofertiliser has been identified as an alternative to chemical fertiliser to increase soil fertility and crop production in sustainable farming. A split plot design based on randomised complete block with three replication was conducted during 2012--2013 growing season in Agricultural Research Center of Bushehr province, Iran. Main plot factor consisted of 0 or 20 t ha$^{-1}$ sheep manure and five methods of soil fertility management were assigned to subplots including 1) chemical fertiliser (\mbox{80\,kg} ha$^{-1}$ super phosphate+\mbox{200\,kg} ha$^{-1}$ urea), 2) mycorrhiza (using soil containing fungi from mosea), 3) biological fertiliser Nitragin (containing Azotobacter spp; Pseudomomas spp; and Azosprillium spp), 4) combination of mycorrhize and Nitragin, and 5) no fertiliser control. The results indicated that interaction between manure and chemical or biological fertilisers was significant for all measured traits and application of sheep manure was led to significantly higher growth and yield of A. vera with better performance when manure was combined with chemical fertilisers. The highest fresh and dry weight of plant respectively, 3107.2 and 78.1 g plant $^{-1}$ and the highest final yield (36.04 t ha$^{-1}$) was achieved with integrated use of manure and chemical fertilisers. The results also indicated that high A. vera yields with grate quality could be obtained with combined application of manure and biological fertilisers as an alternative for chemical fertilisers.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Aloe vera, Harvest yield, Mycorrhiza, Nitragin, Sheep manure
\index[key]{Aloe vera}
\index[key]{Harvest yield}
\index[key]{Mycorrhiza}
\index[key]{Nitragin}
\index[key]{Sheep manure}
\end{document}
