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\hypersetup{pdftitle={\textit{Spirulina platensis} Enhances Nutrient Utilisation and Blood Profile of Broiler Chickens},pdfauthor={Olusesan Fafiolu, Joel Alabi, Ifeoluwa Dada, Aderonke Teniola, Adedotun Adegbenjo, Abimbola Oladele Oso, Adebayo V. Jegede, Oluseyi Oluwatosin},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Blood indices, broiler chickens, digestibility, Spirulina platensis, vitamin-trace mineral premix},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{\textit{Spirulina platensis} Enhances Nutrient Utilisation and Blood Profile of Broiler Chickens\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Joel Alabi, World Bank Centre of Excellence in Agricultural Development and Sustainable Environment (CEADESE), Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, Livestock Science and Sustainable Environment, 4 Oluwapemi Street Oba-Oke Estate Aregbe, 110001~Abeokuta, Nigeria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{joelalabi@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Olusesan Fafiolu$^{1}$, Joel Alabi$^{1,2}$, Ifeoluwa Dada$^{2}$, Aderonke Teniola$^{3}$, Adedotun Adegbenjo$^{1}$, Abimbola Oladele Oso$^{1}$, Adebayo V. Jegede$^{1}$, Oluseyi Oluwatosin$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Dept. of Animal Nutrition, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$World Bank Centre of Excellence in Agricultural Development and Sustainable Environment (CEADESE), Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Animal Health and Production, Nigeria}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Fafiolu, Olusesan}
\index[author]{Alabi, Joel}
\index[author]{Dada, Ifeoluwa}
\index[author]{Teniola, Aderonke}
\index[author]{Adegbenjo, Adedotun}
\index[author]{Oso, Abimbola Oladele}
\index[author]{Jegede, Adebayo V.}
\index[author]{Oluwatosin, Oluseyi}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\small{
Vitamins and minerals are essential for efficient utilisation of bulk nutrients such as protein, carbohydrates and fats in livestock diets. \textit{Spirulina platensis}, a green micro"=filamentous algae, contains ample amounts of highly bioavailable vitamins and trace minerals. Therefore, this study investigated the efficacy of resultant diets in which vitamin"=mineral premix was replaced by varying levels of \textit{Spirulina platensis}. 300 mixed sexed one"=day-old broiler chicks (Marshal) were randomly allocated on weight equalisation basis to 6 dietary groups with 10 birds in five replications. Each group was fed one of the Corn-Soybean meal"=based experimental diets which were formulated to meet the NRC (1994) requirements for broiler chickens with no premix (T1), with appropriate premix (T2), with \textit{Spirulina} at 20g (T3), 30g (T4), 40g (T5), and 50g per kg (T6) replacing totally the vitamins and trace minerals in the respective diets for a period of 42 days. Nutrient digestibility and blood profile (haematological indices, serum biochemistry and lipid profile) were determined. Data were subjected to ANOVA in a Completely Randomised Design using General Linear Model procedures of SAS (2007). Results revealed that best ($p < 0.05$) apparent digestibility of dry matter (\mbox{75.18\,\%}), crude fat (\mbox{83.75\,\%}), crude protein (\mbox{85.75\,\%}), crude fibre (\mbox{73.58\,\%}), ash (\mbox{84.72\,\%}) and soluble carbohydrates (\mbox{88.11\,\%}) were obtained in birds fed 50g per kg \textit{Spirulina} while the poorest values were obtained in birds fed diets void of vitamin"=trace mineral premix. Inclusion of \textit{Spirulina} in the diets produced significant ($p < 0.05$) effects on blood profile in that highest PCV and reduced WBC, Heterophil: Lymphocyte ratio as well as lowered Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) were observed in birds fed 30 - 50 g per kg \textit{Spirulina}. It was concluded that \textit{Spirulina platensis} used in place of vitamins and trace minerals improved nutrient utilisation and apparent state of health of experimental birds as indicated by enhanced PCV and lowered serum LDL. Therefore, \textit{Spirulina platensis} holds potential as a viable alternative to use of conventional vitamins and trace mineral premixes (formulated from inorganic salts and vitamin analogues) in nutrition of broiler chickens. }

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Blood indices, broiler chickens, digestibility, \textit{Spirulina platensis}, vitamin"=trace mineral premix
\index[key]{Blood indices}
\index[key]{Broiler chickens}
\index[key]{Digestibility}
\index[key]{Spirulina platensis@\textit{Spirulina platensis}}
\index[key]{Vitamin"=trace mineral premix}
\end{document}
