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\hypersetup{pdftitle={ factors Affecting Reluctance to Use Pesticides in Greenhouse Vegetables in Bandar Abbas District },pdfauthor={Masoud Yazdanpanah, Mohammad Yazdanpanah},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Chemical Pesticides, Greenhouse Owners, Moral Norm, Self-Identity, subjective Norm},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{ factors Affecting Reluctance to Use Pesticides in Greenhouse Vegetables in Bandar Abbas District \footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Masoud Yazdanpanah, Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University (Khouzestan), Dept. of Agricultural Extension and Education, Ahwaz, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{masoudyazdan@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Masoud Yazdanpanah$^{1}$, Mohammad Yazdanpanah$^{2}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University (Khouzestan), Dept. of Agricultural Extension and Education, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Islamic Azad University, Plant Production, Iran}}}
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\index[author]{Yazdanpanah, Masoud}
\index[author]{Yazdanpanah, Mohammad}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Indiscriminate use of pesticides constitutes one of the main environment and public health problems in developing countries. Use of pesticides in agriculture will lead to their presence in other environments through wind drift to adjacent areas, leached to surface- and groundwater, and international trade. Its residues may end up in drinking water or foodstuffs, threatening human health, and spraying of pesticides may threaten (`non"=target') plants and animals, leading to loss of biodiversity. In sum, their negative results include the degradation of environment (soil, water, air), depletion of natural resources (in particular fertile soils and degradation of landscapes and rural communities (livelihood). This paper used the theory of planned behaviour as the theoretical research, to investigate Intentions and behaviour of Greenhouse owners in relation to use of pesticides in the Hormozgazn province. Sample of the research was selected based on simple random sampling (n =110). Data was collected by using a researcher"=made questionnaire. In the pilot study after preparing the questionnaire and ensuring its validity by experts, its reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha values for the variables investigated through a pilot study ($\alpha$= \%61- \%95). Findings revealed that, behaviour of Greenhouse owners in relation to use of pesticides was significantly determined by attitude, Subjective norm and moral norm. The results also showed that, adding two variables, personal norm and self"=identity, to Theory of Planned Behaviour increase the theory predictive power. Finally, based on the results of the study, in conjunction with the devastating effects of the use of pesticides is proposed, through the provision of training programs for officials greenhouse, greenhouse, while informing them of inappropriate behaviour and offers simple and practical solutions for them, good for them promote proper behaviour, in fact, through this kind of intrinsic motivation will arise in the greenhouse and greenhouse encourage appropriate behaviour is to do.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Chemical Pesticides, Greenhouse Owners, Moral Norm, Self-Identity, subjective Norm
\index[key]{Chemical!Pesticides}
\index[key]{Greenhouse Owners}
\index[key]{Moral Norm}
\index[key]{Self-Identity}
\index[key]{Subjective Norm}
\end{document}
