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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Ensuring Fair Access to Natural Resources for Improved Livelihoods in Ethiopia's Afar and Somali Regions},pdfauthor={Elisabeth van den Akker, Wolf Berdel, Martin Keulertz},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Access to natural resources, conflict mitigation, food security, migration, soil rehabilitation },pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Ensuring Fair Access to Natural Resources for Improved Livelihoods in Ethiopia's Afar and Somali Regions\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Wolf Berdel, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), Rural Development and Agriculture, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{wolf.berdel@giz.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Elisabeth van den Akker, Wolf Berdel, Martin Keulertz}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), GIZ Ethiopia, Ethiopia}}}
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\index[author]{van den Akker, Elisabeth}
\index[author]{Berdel, Wolf}
\index[author]{Keulertz, Martin}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
In Afar and Somali region, the livelihoods of pastoralists and agro"=pastoralists, a semi"=mobile population, are severely affected by natural resources constraints. Especially recurring droughts put traditional farming systems under threat that were previously sustainable. More than half of the 6.7 million inhabitants in Afar (1.4) and Somali region (5.3) live below the poverty line. The main cause of the increasing degradation of natural resources is their excessive use, which is on the rise due to strong population growth, high livestock density and reduced access to land. Increasing degradation of vegetation and soils is accompanied by lower yields. Pasture land for herds is reduced; some areas are no longer available for production at all, and the growth of fodder plants decreases both in quantity and quality. Droughts and floods lead to crop failure and the loss of animals. Acute malnutrition is therefore widespread in both regions, which especially affects women, infants and young children due to insufficient diets. Moreover, the current drought dramatically exacerbates access to natural resources. The reduced access to natural resources has been a prime driver of migration in particular in Somali region, where thousands of young people have left for Europe via Libya.



GIZ implements a new approach to Ethiopia, using soil and water harvesting methods successfully tested in the Sahel. In the fertile but degraded valley areas, the effects of strong runoff of rain water and sporadic flash floods are reversed by a holistic approach based on water"=spreading weirs. This leads to the rehabilitation of the valleys which can then be used for cultivation of animal feed and food and provide access to water for people and animals. This approach is combined with participatory land use planning methods to jointly develop a concrete vision with pastoralists on how to manage land and ensure access to natural resources and reduce drivers for migration. Overall, the approach intends to improve livelihoods for the most severely affected people by climate change and food insecurity. 



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Access to natural resources, conflict mitigation, food security, migration, soil rehabilitation 
\index[key]{Access to natural resources}
\index[key]{Conflict mitigation}
\index[key]{Food!security}
\index[key]{Migration}
\index[key]{Soil!rehabilitation }
\end{document}
