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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Sustaining Local Livestock Systems: the Case of Samothraki },pdfauthor={Dominik Noll, Marina Fischer-Kowalski},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Island sustainability, livestock systems, material and energy flow analysis, small ruminant farming, socioecological systems, sustainability transitions},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Sustaining Local Livestock Systems: the Case of Samothraki \footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Dominik Noll, Alpen Adria University, Institute of Social Ecology, Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070~Vienna, Austria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{dominik.noll@aau.at}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Dominik Noll$^{1}$, Marina Fischer-Kowalski$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Alpen Adria University, Institute of Social Ecology, Austria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Alpen Adria University, Institute of Social Ecology, }}}
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\index[author]{Noll, Dominik}
\index[author]{Fischer-Kowalski, Marina}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
I will present a case study that aims at analysing the socio"=ecological system of a small Greek island, to better understand current development paths and give scientific support to the local community in its efforts to turn the island into a UNESCO biosphere reserve. Samothraki used to have a typical agrarian socio"=metabolic profile until the 1970s, with biomass as the primary energy source. In recent decades, the island had undergone a transformation process characterised by an expansion of infrastructure for tourism, a shift towards a fossil fuel based energy system and a transformation of the local agricultural and food system. In the face of the current economic crisis in Greece, the negative side effects of this transformation, such as environmental degradation and biodiversity loss, weigh heavily while incomes decline.



 



We focus on the local livestock system as a core component of the island's socio"=ecological system. According to previous research, goat and sheep numbers on the island have been increasing five"=fold since the 1960s, leading to overgrazing, soil erosion and increasingly undernourished animals. With a stocks and flows model, we will show that the local livestock system is highly inefficient, both in energy and in income terms. It transforms a large amount of roughage plus commercial feed imported to the island into animal products only utilised to a small extent, for a decreasing amount of income to the farmers. We will 







\&\#61656;show the losses at each stage of livestock production and use







\&\#61656;test the assumption that it has been the structure of EU-CAP subsidies that motivated the farmers to increase animal numbers much beyond the local demand for animal products







\&\#61656;simulate alternative pathways, such as a higher share of animals milked, a higher share of animals officially slaughtered and their meat exported from the island, in their possible impact on livestock numbers as well as farmers' income and working hours. 











These calculations will be based on previous research that allowed, in collaboration with Greek partners, to develop an app (``Happy Goats'') for farmers which is supposed to guide their decision making. Simulations are based on test runs of this app.  



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Island sustainability, livestock systems, material and energy flow analysis, small ruminant farming, socioecological systems, sustainability transitions
\index[key]{Island sustainability}
\index[key]{Livestock!systems}
\index[key]{Material and energy flow analysis}
\index[key]{Small ruminant farming}
\index[key]{Socioecological systems}
\index[key]{Sustainability transitions}
\end{document}
