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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Comparative Advantages of Manawthukha and Pawsan Rice Varieties in Ayeyarwaddy Region, Myanmar},pdfauthor={Aye Moe San, Theingi Myint},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Comparative advantage, Myanmar, policy analysis matrix, rice},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Comparative Advantages of Manawthukha and Pawsan Rice Varieties in Ayeyarwaddy Region, Myanmar\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Aye Moe San, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Inst. of Farm and Agribusiness Management - Project and Regional Planning, Senckenbergstr 3, 35390~Giessen, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{ayemoesan.2010@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Aye Moe San$^{1}$, Theingi Myint$^{2}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Inst. of Farm and Agribusiness Management - Project and Regional Planning, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Yezin Agricultural University, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Myanmar}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Moe San, Aye}
\index[author]{Myint, Theingi}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The study was carried out in Pathein and Phyapone townships which were part of the major rice producing areas in Ayeyarwaddy region, Myanmar during 2008. The production and export trading of Manawthukha and Pawsan rice varieties were analyzed. The study was intended to ascertain whether Myanmar is an efficient producer or not for these two rice varieties. Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) was applied to measure the comparative advantages and the effects of government intervention policies on the profitability of rice production and export marketing of two exported varieties. The study was based on the primary data from not only 118 rice producers in two townships but also interviews with 3 retailers, 2 millers, 3 local wholesalers from each township, 4 central wholesalers, and 3 exporters.  



The study results revealed that Manawthukha and Pawsan rice productions were privately and socially profitable. All Domestic Resource Cost ratios and Nominal Protection Coefficients' values for revenues were less than one for both varieties, and which indicated that these two rice productions should be enhanced to exploit the international market by reducing implicit tax. In order to increase the economic efficiency of rice production, government should reduce the explicit and implicit tax or the market failure on tradable inputs. This was because values of Nominal Protection Coefficients for tradable inputs (NPCI) were greater than one and large value of NPCI means that the producers were probably taxed via the price of tradable fertilisers by input policy. Effective Protection Coefficient (EPC) were less than one and showed that government interventions were disincentive to farmers in rice production and exporting. The results finally addressed that under current production practices, export prices and exchange rate, the study area had comparative advantage for Manawthukha and Pawsan rice production and export marketing according to overall DRC ratio, 0.36. The more favourable comparative advantages can be obtained at higher world prices and exchange rates at different yield level for selected two rice varieties' production.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Comparative advantage, Myanmar, policy analysis matrix, rice
\index[key]{Comparative advantage}
\index[key]{Myanmar}
\index[key]{Policy!analysis matrix}
\index[key]{Rice}
\end{document}
