\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Identification of Parents and Potential Hybrids Based on Traits of Pearl Millet in Diallel Cross. },pdfauthor={Usman Adamu Izge, Alimpta Philip Dauda},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Diallel, General Combining Ability, High, Parent Heterosis, pearl Millet, Specific Combining Ability},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Identification of Parents and Potential Hybrids Based on Traits of Pearl Millet in Diallel Cross. \footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Usman Adamu Izge, Federal University Dutse, Nigeria, Crop Science, Ibrahim Aliyu Bye Pass, Dutse, Nigeria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{bamsyizge@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Usman Adamu Izge$^{1}$, Alimpta Philip Dauda$^{2}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Federal University Dutse, Nigeria, Crop Science, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Maiduguri, Crop Production, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Adamu Izge, Usman}
\index[author]{Philip Dauda, Alimpta}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Nursery experiment was conducted at University of Maiduguri Teaching and Research Farm to cross seven parents of pearl millet in a diallel (Griffins Method 2 Model 1) to generate 21 hybrids. The hybrids with the seven parents were evaluated in 2012 cropping season at 2 locations (Dukke, Akko Local Government Area of Gombe State and the University of Maiduguri Teaching and Research Farm) in a randomised complete block design and replicated three times. The type of gene action and the percentages of high parent heterosis were determined among the entries in order to identify superior parents and hybrids. The parameters considered for data collection were: days to \mbox{50\,\%} flowering, leaves per plant, tillers per plant, plant height, panicle length, panicle girth, panicles per plot, seeds per panicle, 1000 grain weight, downy mildew incidence and grain yield. The analysis of variance revealed significant difference among most traits, implying the presence of genetic variability. The specific and general combining ability variances were significantly different in all the traits except for downy mildew incidence. The GCA and SCA variances showed that GCA variance was predominant



over SCA and therefore means that additive gene effect was the most important in the inheritance and the control of the traits. The general combining effects of the parental lines showed that LCIC-9702 was the best general combiner followed by Zango, Dan digali and PEO-5948, while the estimates of specific combining ability revealed that the hybrids SOSAT-C88 × PEO-5948 and LCIC-9702 × PEO-5948 were good cross combinations in terms of downy mildew incidence and its control. In the same vein, SOSAT-C88 × Dan digali and Geron tsuntsu × Dan digali are good crosses for panicle length while SOSAT-C88 × PEO-5948 is a good cross for panicle girth and number of panicles. Results on heterosis revealed that Zango × LCIC-9702, Geron tsuntsu × PEO-5948, Zango × PEO-5948, SOSATC88 × Geron tsuntsu, SOSAT-C88 × PEO-5948 and SOSAT-C88 × LCIC-9702 exhibited the best high parent heterosis for total grain yield.



}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Diallel, General Combining Ability, High, Parent Heterosis, pearl Millet, Specific Combining Ability
\index[key]{Diallel}
\index[key]{General Combining Ability}
\index[key]{High}
\index[key]{Parent Heterosis}
\index[key]{Pearl Millet}
\index[key]{Specific Combining Ability}
\end{document}
