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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Radiation Absorption and Use Efficiency of Common Mallow (\textit{Malva sylvestris}) Affected by Different Sources of Organic, Biological and Chemical Fertilisers and Intercropping with Fenugreek (\textit{Trigonella foenum-graecum})},pdfauthor={Sayed Ahmad Reza Razavi, Mohsen Jahan, Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati, Kamal Hajmohammadnia Ghalibaf},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Azospirillum, Azotobacter, cattle manure, light extinction coefficient, Pseudomonas},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Radiation Absorption and Use Efficiency of Common Mallow (\textit{Malva sylvestris}) Affected by Different Sources of Organic, Biological and Chemical Fertilisers and Intercropping with Fenugreek (\textit{Trigonella foenum-graecum})\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Sayed Ahmad Reza Razavi, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Dept. of Agronomy, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{razawi@stu.um.ac.ir}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Sayed Ahmad Reza Razavi, Mohsen Jahan, Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati, Kamal Hajmohammadnia Ghalibaf}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Dept. of Agronomy, Iran}}}
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\index[author]{Razavi, Sayed Ahmad Reza}
\index[author]{Jahan, Mohsen}
\index[author]{Nassiri Mahallati, Mehdi}
\index[author]{Hajmohammadnia Ghalibaf, Kamal}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
In order to evaluate the radiation absorption and use efficiency of common mallow (\textit{Malva sylvestris} L.) as affected by different sources of organic, biological and chemical fertilisers and intercropping with fenugreek (Trigonella foenum"=graecum), an experiment was conducted as a split plot design based on RCBD with three replications at the research farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during the growing season of 2013. The main plot factor had two levels: 1-application of cattle manure and 2-no application of cattle manure, and the sub plot factor had seven levels as: 1- Nitroxin\textregistered{}, 2-Sulphur solubilising bacteria (SSB) 3-Phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB), 4- Nitroxin\textregistered{} + SSB + PSB, 5- Chemical fertiliser, 6-Row intercropping with Fenugreek, and 7- Control.  The results showed that application of cattle manure reduced the light extinction coefficient (K) of Common Mallow, while Nitroxin + SSB + PSB + Cattle manure treatment had the least K value (K=0.47, R$^{2}$=0.98). ANOVA results showed all experimental treatments had a significant effect (P$\leq$ 0.001) on the cumulative absorbed radiation of the Mallow during the growing season. The most accumulated absorbed radiation was occurred in the Nitroxin + SSB + PSB treatment (by mean of 986.6 MJ.M$^{-2}$), while application and no"=application of cattle manure had not a significant effect on the radiation absorption. The total calculated mean of RUE was 1.26 g.MJ$^{-1}$. Nitroxin inoculation resulted to the least RUE (1.09 g.MJ$^{-1}$) and Nitroxin + SSB + PSB inoculation plus cattle manure application had the highest RUE (1.5 g.MJ$^{-1}$).Generally,according to the goals of the experiment which was comparing the ecological inputs with chemical fertiliser from the point of mechanistic crop growth analysis factors such as radiation absorption and RUE, it seems that mixture of the three biological fertilisers of Nitroxin + SSB + PSB plus application of cattle manure has more advantages than application of chemical fertiliser.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Azospirillum, Azotobacter, cattle manure, light extinction coefficient, Pseudomonas
\index[key]{Azospirillum}
\index[key]{Azotobacter}
\index[key]{Cattle manure}
\index[key]{Light extinction coefficient}
\index[key]{Pseudomonas}
\end{document}
