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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Analysis of the On"=Set of Seasonal Rainfall for Designing Climate Smart Strategies for Fair Use of Resources},pdfauthor={Patrick Awuor Ooro, Rhoda Birech, Joyce Maling'a, Jörn Germer, Folkard Asch, Bernhard Freyer, Rael Taiy},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Climate change, climate smart agriculture, MAM},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Analysis of the On"=Set of Seasonal Rainfall for Designing Climate Smart Strategies for Fair Use of Resources\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Patrick Awuor Ooro, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Food Crops Research Institute-Njoro, Nakuru-Njoro, 20107~Nakuru, Kenya, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{paooro@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Patrick Awuor Ooro$^{1}$, Rhoda Birech$^{2}$, Joyce Maling'a$^{1}$, Jörn Germer$^{3}$, Folkard Asch$^{3}$, Bern\-hard Fre\-yer$^{4}$, Rael Taiy$^{5}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Food Crops Research Institute-Njoro, Kenya}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Egerton University, Crops, Horticulture and Soil Chemistry, Kenya}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Hohenheim, Inst. of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Division of Organic Farming, Austria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{5}$Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fischeries, Sector Development Support Programme, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Ooro, Patrick Awuor}
\index[author]{Birech, Rhoda}
\index[author]{Maling'a, Joyce}
\index[author]{Germer, Jörn}
\index[author]{Asch, Folkard}
\index[author]{Fre\-yer, Bern\-hard}
\index[author]{Taiy, Rael}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Kenya's climate is prone to extended rainfall deficits. In order to adapt to this, skilful prediction of seasonal (March-April-May) rainfall would bring sound strategies for the enhancement of food security to many regions of the country that depend on rain"=fed agriculture. Climate"=smart agriculture (CSA) would help to address the challenges of meeting the growing demand for food among others. In trying to implement strategies for CSA there are many approaches that have been employed including the use of time of planting among others. Due to climate change the traditional time of planting has become more or less elusive. This therefore calls for the understanding of the long term statistics on the dates of the most probable time for on"=set of seasonal rainfall. This study analysed long term rainfall data of Kenya Agricultural Research Organisation (KALRO) Njoro covering March-May (MAM) period between 1960 and 2014 using Instat computer package. The study generated information on the earliest start date, latest start date and mean start date for the on"=set of rains in Njoro. Results indicate that there exists organised progression of the earliest start date for the on"=set of rains (minimum of 20 mm consistently without dry spell within nine days) between 1960 and 2014 fell on the 2nd of March, the latest start date was on the 6\textsuperscript{th} July which was the 188\textsuperscript{th} day (this means there was failure of the seasonal rains in 1961) whereas the mean start date for on"=set of rains fell on 1\textsuperscript{st} April translating into failure of season in that year in Kenya.  The information generated will be used for the design of CSA strategies using the mean start date for the on"=set of rains to guide the farmers on fair and economical use of resources. At the same time the information will be used to make climate smart choices for the type of crops to plant at what time in Njoro.
}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Climate change, climate smart agriculture, MAM
\index[key]{Climate!change}
\index[key]{Climate!smart agriculture}
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