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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Hydroelectricity Production and Food Insecurity in Rural Ethiopia: The Interface Between Gilgel Gibe"=I Hydroelectricity Dam and Family Farming Households in Jimma Area},pdfauthor={Getachew Legese Feye, Till Stellmacher, Girma Kelboro, Anna-Katharina Hornidge, Nigsti Hailemariam, Kristof Van Assche},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Family farms, food security, gilgel Gibe-I, hydro power},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Hydroelectricity Production and Food Insecurity in Rural Ethiopia: The Interface Between Gilgel Gibe"=I Hydroelectricity Dam and Family Farming Households in Jimma Area\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Getachew Legese Feye, University of Bonn, Center for Development Research (ZEF), Walter-Flex-Str.3, D-53113 Bonn~Bonn, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{abayomiget@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Getachew Legese Feye$^{1}$, Till Stellmacher$^{1}$, Girma Kelboro$^{1}$, Anna-Katharina Hornidge$^{1}$, Nigsti Hailemariam$^{2}$, Kristof Van Assche$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Bonn, Center for Development Research (ZEF), Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Mekelle University, Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Ethiopia}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Alberta, Planning, Governance and Development, Canada}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Feye, Getachew Legese}
\index[author]{Stellmacher, Till}
\index[author]{Kelboro, Girma}
\index[author]{Hornidge, Anna-Katharina}
\index[author]{Hailemariam, Nigsti}
\index[author]{Van Assche, Kristof}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Gilgel Gibe-I (GGI) is one of the largest hydroelectricity dams in Ethiopia. Located in Jimma zone, Oromia Regional State, South Western Ethiopia, it has been constructed in the 1990s and was commissioned in 2004. This study was conducted in Omo Nada district, Jimma Zone, one of the areas sharing the buffer zone of the GGI. We applied a mixed methods procedure, involving a survey with 230 households, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and personal observations. The concept of riskscapes developed by Müller-Mahn and Everts (2013) was used as a conceptual framework of analysis. The research is part of the international BiomassWeb BMBF research project. 



Siltation is the major risk to the GGI hydropower project. Siltation constantly leads to the increase of the lake area, and to the drowning of agricultural land even beyond the buffer zones. This is why about 700 family farming households (over 5000 people) in the reservoir area and buffer zone had to be relocated into new resettlement areas. Moreover, many farming households that remained in the buffer zone lost parts of their agricultural land. Our data shows that the loss of farmland due to the GGI project is the most important risk of food insecurity in this area. Additionally, the dam promoted the increase of the head smut disease that negatively affects the production of tef, because of changes in the micro climate after the reservoir was filled with water. About \mbox{90\,\%} of the households ranked head smut of tef as the most important source of risk of food insecurity. 



In order to find a sustainable balance between hydropower production and food security in rural Ethiopia, land use planning strategies have to be developed and revised based on the evaluation and understanding of different actors risks and needs. It is also recommended to think of community management of buffer zones after the areas are delineated into different land use categories to ensure community ownership of the project for sustainable conservation of the dam. }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Family farms, food security, gilgel Gibe-I, hydro power
\index[key]{Family farms}
\index[key]{Food!security}
\index[key]{Gilgel Gibe-I}
\index[key]{Hydro power}
\end{document}
