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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Resources Use and Gender Equality in Rural Livelihoods: Evidence from Pakistan},pdfauthor={Abdul Ghafoor, Saira Akhtar},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Access and use of resources, decision making, rural livelihood, social safety nets     , women's rights},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Resources Use and Gender Equality in Rural Livelihoods: Evidence from Pakistan\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Abdul Ghafoor, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Institute of Business Management Sciences, Jail Road, 38000~Faisalabad, Pakistan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{ghafoor@uaf.edu.pk}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Abdul Ghafoor$^{1}$, Saira Akhtar$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Institute of Business Management Sciences, Pakistan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Univerity of Agriculture, Department of Rural Sociology, Pakistan}}}
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\index[author]{Ghafoor, Abdul}
\index[author]{Akhtar, Saira}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Women are important component of socio"=economic make up of Pakistan. Though having a dominant proportion in population, Pakistani women is still struggling to improve their rights especially in the rural set up where socio"=economic system is male dominating. Sensitizing the important role of women agricultural laborers, this study was conducted as pilot project funded by International Center for Development and Decent Work (ICDD) to explore status of women's rights in rural livelihood in two countries Pakistan in Asia and Ghana in Africa. This paper reports the findings from Pakistan. Data were collected from five focus groups consisting of fifteen participants each from the women laborers involved in vegetables production system from Punjab province of Pakistan. Key issues for focus group discussion included sources of rural livelihood, women empowerment, access to resources, control over resources and their role in decision making. Analysis of data uncovered a very interesting situation showing a significant role of women in rural livelihood setup of the country. They are actively involved in production system, mainly in harvesting/picking of vegetables and also post"=harvest practices like washing, sorting, packaging etc. Females often work in an informal way without any legal contracts, also paid deferentially less than their male counterparts and worked without social safety nets. Women are least involved in marketing of vegetables which affects their livelihood. They are generally granted access to resources in social and economic perspectives but their control over said resources is questionable. Regarding role in decision making, they somehow have weak position in economic decision making whereas enjoy reasonable position in social decision making. The previous policy experiences have shown a dismal picture where policy initiatives mainly remained restricted to dialogue only and lacked policy implementation. Need of the time is to organise women laborers by fostering labour unions in the country to improvise rights to women laborers. But this can only be possible by apprising women about their legal rights and training the family, society and economic heads/leaders. These proposed ventures will be difficult to attain in absence of purposeful policy initiatives. }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Access and use of resources, decision making, rural livelihood, social safety nets     , women's rights
\index[key]{Access and use of resources}
\index[key]{Decision making}
\index[key]{Rural!livelihood}
\index[key]{Social!safety nets     }
\index[key]{Women's rights}
\end{document}
