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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Women Smallholder Farmers in Ethiopia: Challenges and Opportunities},pdfauthor={Mulunesh Abebe Alebachew},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Amhara, challenges, Ethiopia., key words: Women smallholder farmers, opportunities, smallholder farming},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Women Smallholder Farmers in Ethiopia: Challenges and Opportunities\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Mulunesh Abebe Alebachew, Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Policy Analysis Network (FANRPAN), NutriHAF Project, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{mulunesh2014@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Mulunesh Abebe Alebachew}}
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\item[]{\small{\textit{Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Policy Analysis Network (FANRPAN), NutriHAF Project, Ethiopia}}}
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\textbf{Abstract}
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\normalsize{
Abstract



Smallholder farming contributes about \mbox{50\,\%} of food to the world population and \mbox{90\,\%} of food for African population. In smallholder farming system, women contribute more than \mbox{75\,\%} of smallholder agricultural workforce globally and up to \mbox{90\,\%} for some sub-Saharan African Countries. However, socio"=cultural and traditional norms have often preclude women from benefiting their fruits of labour, owning basic resources including land and put them in a subordinate social and economic status than men. The objectives of this research were to explore the legal land right provisions, practical achievements and challenges in implementing these provisions, traditional gendered norms, values and activities of farming in Amhara Regional State, North Western Ethiopia. Data were collected from 420 household surveys and 150 focused group discussions (FGDs) using concurrent mixed methods research. The quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics and the qualitative data was analysed thematically substantiated by thick descriptions from participants. The study revealed that about \mbox{96\,\%} of women have land ownership certificates; however due to widespread and deep"=rooted sociocultural factors, significant proportion of women lost their control over their land rights.  One of the major reasons for this is in the Region, women do not do oxen"=ploughing mainly due to sociocultural factors. The gendered norms and roles of family activities and the resultant inability of women to do the oxen"=ploughing were important challenges for women to fully benefit from their rights and use basic resource to sustain and enhance their family livelihoods. Socio"=cultural transformation and strong law enforcement are needed to make women equal beneficiaries of their fruits of labour and legal rights.  







}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Amhara, challenges, Ethiopia., key words: Women smallholder farmers, opportunities, smallholder farming
\index[key]{Amhara}
\index[key]{Challenges}
\index[key]{Ethiopia.}
\index[key]{Key words: Women smallholder farmers}
\index[key]{Opportunities}
\index[key]{Smallholder!farming}
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