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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Persistence of \textit{Moringa Oleifera}, \textit{Gliricidia Sepium} etc. Against Fire Hazards on Njala Terrestial Habitat},pdfauthor={Sheku Moiforay, Sanpha Kallon (Dr.), Mahmood Conteh},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Fire, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Moringa oleifera, persistence},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Persistence of \textit{Moringa Oleifera}, \textit{Gliricidia Sepium} etc. Against Fire Hazards on Njala Terrestial Habitat\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Sheku Moiforay, Njala University, Department of Animal Science, Njala, Sierra, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{skmoiforay2002@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Sheku Moiforay$^{1}$, Sanpha Kallon (Dr.)$^{2}$, Mahmood Conteh$^{3}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Njala University, Department of Animal Science, Sierra}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Njala University, Department of Animal Science, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Njala University, Department of Animal Science, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Moiforay, Sheku}
\index[author]{Kallon (Dr.), Sanpha}
\index[author]{Conteh, Mahmood}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
\textit{Moringa oleifera}, \textit{Gliricidia sepium}, and \textit{Leucaena leucocephala} are multipurpose trees that are grown for the purpose of protein supplementation especially in the dry seasons when feed is scarce. 



The characteristics of good forage property and nutritive value including dry season leaf retention became the motivating factor for undertaking in 2010 the establishment of these protein bank tree plant species in Sierra Leone. 



However, the invasion of fire on established and protected plots had been a big challenge over the years. Persistence of forage plants after natural or man"=made fire disasters has implications for forage availability and affordability in ruminant production.



The overall objective of the research was to assess the persistence of \textit{Moringa oleifera}, \textit{Leucaena leucocephala} and \textit{Gliricidia sepium} to fire disasters after two years of fire invasion.



In a completely randomised design involving 3 replications, 11 treatments of sole, and alley plots of \textit{Panicum maximum} and maize of \textit{Gliricidia sepium}, \textit{Leucaena leucocephala}, and \textit{Moringa oleifera} were established.



After two years of fire invasion, in July 2015, data was collected on live, number of sprouts per live plants, plant height and girth, biomass yield, weight of stems. The data was analysed in Microsoft excel programme and Statistical Analysis Soft Ware (SAS) 2015. 



The result showed that \textit{Gliricidia sepium} got the largest number of live stands of plants per treatment (150.89) followed by \textit{Moringa oleifera} (30.89 plants) and lastly \textit{Leucaena leucocephala}, (7.56 plants). 



With re"=growths, \textit{Gliricidia sepium} had the highest number of re"=growths per stand (8.93) followed by \textit{Moringa oleifera}. 



\textit{Gliricidia sepium} attained the highest height (\mbox{337.37\,cm}) followed by \textit{Moringa oleifera} (\mbox{123.3\,cm}). \textit{Leucaena leucocephala} was just sprouting and could not be measured. The data showed that \textit{Gliricidia sepium} had a more rapid growth rate than \textit{Moringa oleifera} and Leucaena having attained a height of 4--6 meters (m) after six months of fire outbreak.



The result with high significant difference ($p > 0.05$) showed that \textit{Gliricidia sepium} had the highest biomass yield per plant (\mbox{4.77\,kg}) followed by \textit{Moringa oleifera} (\mbox{0.07\,kg}). 
}

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\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Fire, \textit{Gliricidia sepium}, \textit{Leucaena leucocephala}, \textit{Moringa oleifera}, persistence
\index[key]{Fire}
\index[key]{Gliricidia sepium@\textit{Gliricidia sepium}}
\index[key]{Leucaena leucocephala@\textit{Leucaena leucocephala}}
\index[key]{Moringa oleifera@\textit{Moringa oleifera}}
\index[key]{Persistence}
\end{document}
