\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Commercialisation Intensity and the Dimensions of Food Security: Empirical Insights from Smallholder Farmers in Tanzania},pdfauthor={Luitfred Kissoly, Anja Faße, Ulrike Grote},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Commercialisation intensity, Continuous treatment, Dimensions of food security, Tanzania},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Commercialisation Intensity and the Dimensions of Food Security: Empirical Insights from Smallholder Farmers in Tanzania\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Luitfred Kissoly, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute for Environmental Economics and World Trade, Koenigsworther Platz 1, 30167~Hannover, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{kissoly@iuw.uni-hannover.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Luitfred Kissoly, Anja Faße, Ulrike Grote}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute for Environmental Economics and World Trade, Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Kissoly, Luitfred}
\index[author]{Faße, Anja}
\index[author]{Grote, Ulrike}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Transformation of smallholder agriculture from subsistence to more commercially oriented production is a strategy advocated for improving rural households' food security and general welfare. However, empirical literature that links intensity of smallholder commercialisation and the multiple dimensions of food security is limited. This study analyses commercialisation intensity and its potential effects on food security. Specifically, it assesses how intensity of commercialisation influences different dimensions of food security, namely availability, access, utilisation and stability. The analysis is based on household level data collected in 2014 from villages in Kilosa and Chamwino districts in rural Tanzania. Determinants of commercialisation intensity are analysed using a Tobit regression, while Propensity Score Matching (PSM) approach is employed to evaluate the effects of commercialisation status --- as a binary treatment --- on food security. Additionally, we employ Generalized Propensity Scores (GPS) approach to assess the effects of commercialisation --- as a continuous treatment --- on food security. We show that intensity of commercialisation has heterogeneous effects on different aspects of food security. Specifically, results reveal that lower levels of commercialisation are associated with lower food availability, access, utilisation and stability. At higher intensities of commercialisation, smallholders have significantly more food availability and access but modest improvements in food utilisation and stability. While underscoring the vital role of smallholder commercialisation, findings highlight its differential impacts on food security. Policies aiming at transforming smallholder agriculture for enhanced food security should, therefore, not only focus on availability and access to food but also take into account utilisation and stability dimensions of food security.}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Commercialisation intensity, Continuous treatment, Dimensions of food security, Tanzania
\index[key]{Commercialization intensity}
\index[key]{Continuous treatment}
\index[key]{Dimensions of food security}
\index[key]{Tanzania}
\end{document}
