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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Spatial Distribution of some Soil Chemical Properties Using GIS: Case Study White Nile Sugar Scheme, Sudan},pdfauthor={Ali Ahmed, Mohamed Salih Dafalla, Hatim Nuh},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Geostatistics, soil spatial distribution, Sudan, sugar cane},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Spatial Distribution of some Soil Chemical Properties Using GIS: Case Study White Nile Sugar Scheme, Sudan\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Mohamed Salih Dafalla, University of Khartoum, Institute of Environmental Studies, 13314~Khartoum, Sudan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{mohmedsalih@hotmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ali Ahmed$^{1}$, Mohamed Salih Dafalla$^{2}$, Hatim Nuh$^{3}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Technocon Engineering Group, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Khartoum, Institute of Environmental Studies, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Dam Implementation Unit, Sudan}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Ahmed, Ali}
\index[author]{Dafalla, Mohamed Salih}
\index[author]{Nuh, Hatim}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Agriculture is the backbone of the Sudan's economy. Sudanese agriculture ranges from traditional rainfed to irrigated one. Sudan experiences sugar production from cane since decades. White Nile Sugar Scheme is a recent sugar company in the Sudan. Soil management is key step for sustainable and feasible use of land for agricultural activity. Soil chemical properties are governing factors in determination of soil suitability for different crops. Digital soil mapping is widely used in corporation with conventional methods to enhance the productivity and efficiency of agricultural inputs. Geostatistical techniques for soil properties mapping are an important tool for land evaluation, assessment and management. This research aims to study the spatial distribution of some soil parameters in order to improve the management system in the scheme.



Chemical and physical properties data from White Nile Sugar Company (2006) that executed by Land and Water Research Centre, Wad Medani were used. The total number of collected soil samples was 5174 samples representing 2567 Auger sites at 0-30cm in depth. 2470 soil auger data were used in interpolation. The data was introduced into GIS environment from excel format to one shape file. Five layers were produced to represent the following soil properties of  pH , EC, Ca\textsuperscript{++}, Mg\textsuperscript{++}, Na\textsuperscript{+}  and SAR. 



The soil of scheme is generally slightly heterogeneous. It is medium alkaline, non-saline, non-sodic with some scatter pockets of salinity and sodicity.  The southern part of the scheme is affected by salinity and sodicity. This study concluded that geostatistical tools improve high efficiency in mapping the spatial distribution of soil traits. Therefore, this study recommends application of geostatistical tools in zonal-based management practices for better productivity.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Geostatistics, soil spatial distribution, Sudan, sugar cane
\index[key]{Geostatistics}
\index[key]{Soil!spatial distribution}
\index[key]{Sudan}
\index[key]{Sugar cane}
\end{document}
