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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Impact of Specializing in African Indigenous Vegetable Production on Food Security among Kenyan Vegetable Producers},pdfauthor={Henning Krause, Anja Faße, Ulrike Grote},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={African indigenous vegetables, choice model, food security, household welfare, propensity score matching },pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Impact of Specializing in African Indigenous Vegetable Production on Food Security among Kenyan Vegetable Producers\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Henning Krause, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute for Environmental Economics and World Trade, Königsworther Platz 1, 30451~Hannover, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{krause@iuw.uni-hannover.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Henning Krause$^{1}$, Anja Faße$^{2}$, Ulrike Grote$^{3}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute for Environmental Economics and World Trade, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute for Environmental Economics and World Trade, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute for Environmental Economics and World Trade, Germany}}}
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\index[author]{Krause, Henning}
\index[author]{Faße, Anja}
\index[author]{Grote, Ulrike}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
African Indigenous Vegetables (AIVs) contain high levels of micro nutrients and are well adapted to local climatic conditions, thus requiring few inputs for cultivation. In Kenya these crops are so far mainly grown for subsistence, but the potential growth of the Kenyan horticultural market offers substantial possibilities for income generation. The demand of Kenyan urban end"=customers and domestic supermarket chains for AIVs increases. However, many small scale farmers still perceive AIVs as poor people's food and are thus reluctant to adopt these crops as cash crops. Using Amaranth and cow peas as an example for AIVs, this study therefore aims (i) to explore which factors motivate small"=scale farmers to specialise in AIVs as a main crop and (ii) to assess the impact of AIVs on households' income and food security. Indicators are chosen based on FAO's definition of food security and include economic and physical access to food, food utilisation and stability. Primary data from 1,232 Kenyan small"=scale vegetable producers has been collected from rural and peri"=urban sample sites in Kisii, Kakamega, Nakuru, Kiambu and Kajiado. A binary choice model is used to determine the influence of households' assets and public infrastructure on deciding to grow amaranth or cowpeas as a main crop. The impact analysis is conducted with Propensity Score Matching. Results show while the adoption of amaranth is mainly based on the availability of household assets such as size of land or social capital, as well as public infrastructure, the adoption of cowpeas is rather influenced by demographic factors including age and gender of decision makers. Interestingly, specialising in AIVs does not have a positive impact on household income, but it significantly improves food security. Thus, while AIVs show potential to fight Kenya's hidden hunger problem, some work still needs to be done to convert the anticipated financial potential in these crops into a real benefit for Kenya's small scale farmers.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} African indigenous vegetables, choice model, food security, household welfare, propensity score matching 
\index[key]{African indigenous vegetables}
\index[key]{Choice model}
\index[key]{Food!security}
\index[key]{Household!welfare}
\index[key]{Propensity score matching }
\end{document}
