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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Perception of Agrarian People Towards Future Agricultural Extension under Challenges of Climatic Variability,sudan },pdfauthor={Mohammed Adam Abbas Hamad, Hanaa Jadalah},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Agrarian people, challenge, Climate change, Future extension services, Sudan.},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Perception of Agrarian People Towards Future Agricultural Extension under Challenges of Climatic Variability,sudan \footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Mohammed Adam Abbas Hamad, University of Kordofan, Rural Extension and Training , El Gamaa Street, 51111~Elobied, Sudan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{alarak50@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Mohammed Adam Abbas Hamad$^{1}$, Hanaa Jadalah$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Kordofan, Rural Extension and Training , Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Kordofan, Rural Extension and Training, }}}
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\index[author]{Hamad, Mohammed Adam Abbas}
\index[author]{Jadalah, Hanaa}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Due to the potential climate variability, such as droughts, floods, storms, episodes of heavy rainfall and long term changes in the area this study was conducted. The purpose of this research was to address the perception of agrarian people towards future agricultural extension services under climate variability in Umsimama area. Moreover, the study focused on delivered extension services, beneficiaries, kind of climatic hazard, and community's expectation. The research depends on primary and secondary data. One hundred and five (185) households were randomly selected from 3702 households received extension services in rain"=fed sector during season 2015 as sample of study. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version20) was used for data analysis. The findings depicted that \mbox{70.3\,\%} from innovations and information were disseminated through weak and feeble extension network. In addition, Most of the respondents (\mbox{66\,\%}) support the rehabilitation and empowering extension system. In contrast, \mbox{63.3\,\%} were not benefited from services delivered, this attributed to extension agent still not provide sufficient and modern techniques and services. The pattern of rain within seasons, droughts, failure of agriculture seasons, and decrease in the crop production represent most climatic effects in the area. Vast agrarian people (\mbox{83.8\,\%}) prospect to providing them by; information about climate change and weather for  planning and decision making, extension services before starting of rainy"=season with regular follow up, preparation of plots demonstrations, strengthen local seed production, preservation and community seed banking technique. Finally; helping farmers to cope better with current risk, developing options for adaptation, and funds should be released early to extension system for positive intervention are highly recommended. 



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Agrarian people, challenge, Climate change, Future extension services, Sudan.
\index[key]{Agrarian people}
\index[key]{Challenge}
\index[key]{Climate change}
\index[key]{Future extension services}
\index[key]{Sudan.}
\end{document}
