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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Improving Resilience of Rural Women to Climate Change  },pdfauthor={Mohammed Adam Abbas Hamad, Muna Ahmed, Elshiekh Awadelkarim Ibrahim},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Climate change, food security, Sudan, women resilience},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Improving Resilience of Rural Women to Climate Change  \footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Muna Ahmed, University of Khartoum, Institute of Environmental Studies, Khartoum north, Khartoum, Sudan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{munamm789@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Mohammed Adam Abbas Hamad$^{1}$, Muna Ahmed$^{2}$, Elshiekh Awadelkarim Ibrahim$^{3}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Kordofan, Rural Extension and Training , Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Khartoum, Institute of Environmental Studies, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Kordofan, Crops Science, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Hamad, Mohammed Adam Abbas}
\index[author]{Ahmed, Muna}
\index[author]{Ibrahim, Elshiekh Awadelkarim}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The overall objective of the research is to improve the productivity of home gardens owned and managed by poor women in rural rain"=fed semi"=arid areas of Sudan adversely affected by climate change. The area of study is located in some villages of western Sudan where biogas units were installed in some households. The effluent of biogas units were used as organic fertiliser in women garden. The area allocated for each garden was divided into plots and subplots (as replicates) for application of different concentration of the fertiliser. Two types of vegetables were cultivated randomly, these were Okra" \textit{Abelmoschus esculentus}  L. Moench" and Jew mallow" Corchorus olitorius L." as preferred by the women. The experiment covered two seasons. Applied fertiliser concentrations were 0 m$^{3}$, 0.5 m$^{3}$, 1 m$^{3}$, and 1.5 m$^{3}$ per hectare. MSTATC and STATISTIX8 programme were used for data analysis. Results showed significant increase in yields for both vegetables, except Jews mallow in the first season. Okra yield increased from \unitfrac[0.93]{ton}{ha} fresh green pods to \unitfrac[1.4]{ton}{ha} with 1.5 m$^{3}$ fertiliser in season one. In season two, okra increased from \unitfrac[0.92]{ton}{ha} to \unitfrac[1.38]{ton}{h} with 1.5 m$^{3}$ fertiliser application. In season two, Jew's mallow yield increased from \unitfrac[13.15]{ton}{ha} to \unitfrac[21.06]{ton}{ha} with 1.5 m$^{3}$ fertiliser application. Combined analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences among treatments for all studied traits in Okra and Jews mallow. The socio"=economic analysis of vegetable used for local consumption and surplus sold showed that the improvement in family nutrition and increase of income by women.  



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Climate change, food security, Sudan, women resilience
\index[key]{Climate change}
\index[key]{Food!security}
\index[key]{Sudan}
\index[key]{Women!resilience}
\end{document}
