\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Exploring the Potential of the Livestock Sector Towards Improving Food Security in Nigeria},pdfauthor={Mercy Inyeinyang, Inibehe George Ukpong, Glory Eddy Enyenihi, Etim Okon Effiong, Eddy Atte Enyenihi, Damian Agom},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Energy and Protein needs, food security, Livestock sector, Nigeria},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Exploring the Potential of the Livestock Sector Towards Improving Food Security in Nigeria\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Mercy Inyeinyang, University of Uyo, Agricultural Economics \& Extension, Ikpa Road, Uyo, Nigeria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{mercedo4real2006@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Mercy Inyeinyang$^{1}$, Inibehe George Ukpong$^{2}$, Glory Eddy Enyenihi$^{3}$, Etim Okon Effiong$^{4}$, Eddy Atte Enyenihi$^{5}$, Damian Agom$^{6}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Uyo, Agricultural Economics \& Extension, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Uyo, Agricultural Economics \& Extension, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Uyo, Animal Science, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$University of Uyo, Agricultural Economics and Extension, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{5}$University of Uyo, Agricultural Economics and Extension, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{6}$Akwa Ibom State University, Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Nigeria}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Inyeinyang, Mercy}
\index[author]{Ukpong, Inibehe George}
\index[author]{Enyenihi, Glory Eddy}
\index[author]{Effiong, Etim Okon}
\index[author]{Enyenihi, Eddy Atte}
\index[author]{Agom, Damian}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Nigeria has been facing increased food demand and high food prices as a result of increased population. Despite enormous natural endowments including crude oil, fertile arable lands and vegetation in the country, poverty rate is still increasing as the population continues to rise. The study was designed to determine the potential of the livestock sector and its contributions to the protein and energy needs of the population by 2050 using an annual time series data from 1980 to 2010. Projected population figures from 2012 to 2050 were used to estimate the extra amount of protein and energy that will be required by the population in 2050. Energy and protein supply data from animal derived foods, mainly cattle meat and milk, sheep meat, goat meat, poultry eggs and meat, from 1980 to 2010 were calculated using animal production data and the McCance \& Widdowson's composition of foods. The result showed that animal derived foods contributed a total of 47,805,\unitfrac[756]{MJ}{d} of energy and 1,027,\unitfrac[901]{Kg}{d} of protein in 2010. Meanwhile, to meet the additional energy and protein needs of the projected Nigerian population of 389.615 million people by 2050, animal derived foods would have to supply \mbox{37.4\,\%} more energy and \mbox{9.0\,\%} more protein than in 2010. From the result, there is, therefore a great gap between current production and the expected protein and energy requirement of the population by 2050; which must be closed if food security is to be achieved. Hence, there is an urgent concern to increase productivity through investment in the livestock sector by improving the quality and availability of feed materials and establishment of good breeding programmes as well as general development in the agricultural sector; as these will help to ameliorate the situation while ensuring improved livelihood and food security in the country.}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Energy and Protein needs, food security, Livestock sector, Nigeria
\index[key]{Energy and Protein needs}
\index[key]{Food!security}
\index[key]{Livestock!sector}
\index[key]{Nigeria}
\end{document}
