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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Method Development for Pesticide Determination in Maize Using near Infrared Spectroscopy},pdfauthor={Sonthaya Numthuam, Rangsun Charoensook, Tossaporn Incharoen, Wandee Tartrakoon},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Carbofuran , feed safety, maize, near infrared spectroscopy, pesticide, rapid determination},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Method Development for Pesticide Determination in Maize Using near Infrared Spectroscopy\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Sonthaya Numthuam, Naresuan University, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, 65000~Phitsanulok, Thailand, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{sonthayan@nu.ac.th}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Sonthaya Numthuam, Rangsun Charoensook, Tossaporn Incharoen, Wandee Tartrakoon}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Naresuan University, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Thailand}}}
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\index[author]{Numthuam, Sonthaya}
\index[author]{Charoensook, Rangsun}
\index[author]{Incharoen, Tossaporn}
\index[author]{Tartrakoon, Wandee}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
A growing world population leads to an increase in demand for feed and food. In order to increase crops yield, pesticides have been extremely used, resulting in a high risk to environment and human health. Therefore, the control of pesticide residues in agricultural products, including feedstuffs, is a vital public health concern. A large number of pesticides are used on maize, which is grown for human consumption and animal feed. Carbofuran is a highly toxic insecticide to vertebrates that has been illegally used on crops in developing country with a poor application and management. In order to maintain public health conditions, it is necessary to determine the pesticide residue in feed and agricultural products. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for a rapid determination of carbofuran in maize. Samples used in this study were ground maize contaminated with carbofuran ranging from 0--50 ppm. The NIR measurements of the maize samples were performed using reflectance FT-NIR spectroscopy as a nondestructive determination. The attempt to improve prediction efficiency of carbofuran residue was then performed using the dry"=extract system for (near) infrared (DESIR) technique which was conducted by collecting the extracted carbofuran from maize onto a glass microfiber paper. The reflectance NIR spectra of DESIR samples were also obtained. For data analysis, partial least square (PLS) regression was used to develop a calibration model for the carbofuran prediction. It was found that the spectra of the ground maize provided sufficiently accurate calibration results with correlation coefficient (R) of 0.96 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 5.20 ppm. Superior prediction accuracy was obtained from the calibration model based on the spectra of DESIR samples (R = 0.99, RMSEP = 2.17 ppm). It was concluded that NIR spectroscopy had a potential to be a rapid and effective method for the determination of carbofuran in maize. This method could be a powerful tool for coping with the environmental and health risk caused by a misuse or overuse of pesticides.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Carbofuran , feed safety, maize, near infrared spectroscopy, pesticide, rapid determination
\index[key]{Carbofuran }
\index[key]{Feed!safety}
\index[key]{Maize}
\index[key]{Near infrared spectroscopy}
\index[key]{Pesticide}
\index[key]{Rapid determination}
\end{document}
