\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Urban Farming as A Strategy for Women Empowerment in Nigeria},pdfauthor={Inibehe George Ukpong, Etim Okon Effiong, Ineye Douglas Ekpebu, Glory Eddy Enyenihi, Damian Agom, Eddy Atte Enyenihi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Food security, Household income, Southern Nigeria, urban farming, Women empowerment},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2016.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Urban Farming as A Strategy for Women Empowerment in Nigeria\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Inibehe George Ukpong, University of Uyo, Agricultural Economics \& Extension, Ikpa Road, Uyo, Nigeria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{inibehe2000@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Inibehe George Ukpong$^{1}$, Etim Okon Effiong$^{2}$, Ineye Douglas Ekpebu$^{3}$, Glory Eddy Enyenihi$^{4}$, Damian Agom$^{5}$, Eddy Atte Enyenihi$^{6}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Uyo, Agricultural Economics \& Extension, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Uyo, Agricultural Economics, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Uyo, Agricultural Economics and Extension, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$University of Uyo, Animal Science, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{5}$Akwa Ibom State University, Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{6}$University of Uyo, Agricultural Economics and Extension, Nigeria}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Ukpong, Inibehe George}
\index[author]{Effiong, Etim Okon}
\index[author]{Ekpebu, Ineye Douglas}
\index[author]{Enyenihi, Glory Eddy}
\index[author]{Agom, Damian}
\index[author]{Enyenihi, Eddy Atte}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Women participation in rural farming is highly significant in Nigeria. In a country badly affected by economic crisis, poverty and food insecurity, Nigeria like other developing countries need a broader framework of strategies to be able to cope with increasing food demand as a result of increasing population. Poor socioeconomic situations in the rural areas have encouraged high rate of rural"=urban migration in the country over the last few decades which has resulted in increased urban population, high food demand, high food prices and high cost of living as a result of high cost of social amenities. Besides the growing economic problems of most urban households, urban cities in Nigeria also face the growing cases of social crimes to which women remain the most vulnerable. This study evaluates women's involvement in urban farming, and how best to improve urban farming to enhance food security and improved household income in urban cities in Nigeria. From the 150 farmers interviewed in Uyo metropolis, Southern Nigeria, the results indicate women to men ratio of 7:3, suggesting more women involvement in urban farming in the urban cities. Urban farming would therefore form a part of the alternative sources of food and income for individuals and households in the urban areas. Thus, an improvement in urban agriculture (farming) would not only promote individual/household food security and income, but would also enhance women empowerment in the country's gender"=biased society. Hence, modern city designs should be made to incorporate provisions for urban farming, while urban farmers need to be encouraged through provision of soft loans/farm credit, improved inputs and improved extension services, as well as trainings on greenhouse farming.}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Food security, Household income, Southern Nigeria, urban farming, Women empowerment
\index[key]{Food!security}
\index[key]{Household!income}
\index[key]{Southern Nigeria}
\index[key]{Urban!farming}
\index[key]{Women!empowerment}
\end{document}
