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\hypersetup{pdftitle={A Tannin Ferrous Plants as Alternative Supplementation on Ruminant Animal's in Arid Areas},pdfauthor={Helmy Metawi, Mohamed Eissa},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Ferrous plants, methane emissions and Barki lamb growth performance},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{A Tannin Ferrous Plants as Alternative Supplementation on Ruminant Animal's in Arid Areas\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Helmy Metawi, Animal Production Research Institute, Sheep and Goats Research, 5 Nadi Elsaid Str.Dokki, Giza, 16128 Dokki~Cairo, Egypt, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{hrmmetawi@hotmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Helmy Metawi$^{1}$, Mohamed Eissa$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Animal Production Research Institute, Sheep and Goats Research, Egypt}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Animal Production Research Institute, Sheep and Goats Research, }}}
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\index[author]{Metawi, Helmy}
\index[author]{Eissa, Mohamed}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The study was carried out in the arid coastal zone of Western Desert of Egypt. The agro"=pastoral production system prevails in this area.  A survey was conducted with 60 Bedouins aimed to assess the effect of 14 years of  drought incidence in their socioeconomic vulnerability. Analysis of data revealed that livestock accounted for \mbox{71.6\,\%} of the total net household income. Within the livestock sector, small ruminant contributed the highest (\mbox{83.4\,\%}). These animals are often  depend on low quality roughage .Bedouins cannot afford to purchase commercial supplementary feeds. Hence, there is a need for alternative supplementary feeding. This zone is considered as a source of tannin ferrous plants (TFP) along the year. These plants had a lot of nutritive issues need to solve before depending on it as a good quality fodder. \textit{In~vitro} experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of several mixtures of TFP with urea treated straw (UTS) on dry matter degradation, Ammonia-N and methane (CH$_{4}^{}$) production. Sex  treatments were examined : Cassava with untreated straw (Trt1) ; Cassava plus UTS (Trt2) ; prosopis (Prosopis Juliflora) plus UTS (Trt3) ; acacia (Acacia saligina) plus UTS (Trt4), ; Cassava :Acacia: UTS(Trt5) ;Cassava: prosopis : UTS (Trt6).  In addition, twenty four growing Barki male lambs, aged about 3 months were used to study the effect of the tested rations on growth performance. The results showed that the condensed tannin (CT) content ranged from 20 (cassava) to \unitfrac[23]{g}{kg} DM (prosopis). Methane production per unit of per unit of fermented DM was inversely related to protein solubility. Trt6 presented a lower ($p < 0.01$) ruminal NH$_{3}^{}$-N concentration associated with the decreasing ($p < 0.01$) in rumen protein degradability. Methane production was highest for Trt1 at all incubation times. After 24 h of \textit{in~vitro} incubation, CH$_{4}^{}$ productions were 28, 17, 18, 17, 15, and 14 ml, respectively. Daily body gains were significantly affected by tested rations. The highest values were recorded with Trt6. Consequently, consumption of combination of TFP containing varied classes of secondary components with resource of NPN lead to reducing CH$_{4}^{}$ emissions from ruminants and improving lamb growth performance}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Ferrous plants, methane emissions and Barki lamb growth performance
\index[key]{Ferrous plants}
\index[key]{Methane emissions and Barki lamb growth performance}
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