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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Beef Production with Different Improved Forage Options in the Tropics},pdfauthor={Mauricio Efren Sotelo Cabrera, Jhon Freddy Gutierrez Solis, Michael Peters, Stefan Burkart, Belisario Hincapie},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Animal live weight gain, Carrying capacity, improved forages, silvo-pastoral Systems, sustainable intensification},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Beef Production with Different Improved Forage Options in the Tropics\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Stefan Burkart, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Tropical Forages Program, Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali, Colombia, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{s.burkart@cgiar.org}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Mauricio Efren Sotelo Cabrera$^{1}$, Jhon Freddy Gutierrez Solis$^{2}$, Michael Peters$^{3}$, Stefan Burkart$^{4}$, Belisario Hincapie$^{5}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Colombia}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Colombia}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Tropical Forages, Colombia}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Tropical Forages Program, Colombia}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{5}$International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Tropical Forages, Colombia}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Sotelo Cabrera, Mauricio Efren}
\index[author]{Gutierrez Solis, Jhon Freddy}
\index[author]{Peters, Michael}
\index[author]{Burkart, Stefan}
\index[author]{Hincapie, Belisario}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The global population growth and changes in living conditions in many developing countries during the last decade have generated an increasing demand for food, especially animal source food (protein), which is directly related to the efficiency of livestock production systems. In Colombia, livestock production is characterised by extensive and inefficient production systems which has resulted in national efforts and strategies for increasing cattle inventory while at the same time reducing grazing area and setting free area for crop production and reforestation (Colombian Livestock Strategy PEGA 2019 for sustainable intensification). In this sense, improved forage materials and silvo"=pastoral systems are being considered as valuable options for sustainable intensification in terms of increased biomass production, better nutritional quality and higher carrying capacity. 



At the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) in Cali, Colombia, a trial was set up for evaluating animal live weight gains per hectare for three different forage treatments (plot size of 3300m$^{2}$ per treatment): T1) Grass monoculture: \textit{Brachiaria} hybrid cv. Cayman (CIAT BR02/1752), T2) Grass"=legume associoation: \textit{Brachiaria} hybrid cv. Cayman (CIAT BR02/1752) + \textit{Canavalia brasiliensis} (CIAT 17009), and T3) Silvo"=pastoral system: \textit{Brachiaria} hybrid cv. Cayman (CIAT BR02/1752) + \textit{Canavalia brasiliensis} (CIAT 17009) + \textit{Leucaena diversifolia} (ILRI 15551). A total of 12 male calves (2 years age) was put under grazing in groups of four animals per treatment, using a completely randomised experimental block design during 7 months in 2015 and measuring meat production per hectare. 



The total meat production per hectare reached 1104, 1219 and \mbox{1423\,kg}, for T1, T2 and T3, respectively, obtaining a carrying capacity of 2.5, 2.7 and 3.2 animals per hectare (LU = \mbox{450\,kg}). With regard to these results, the silvo"=pastoral system with \textit{Brachiaria} hybrid cv. Cayman, \textit{Canavalia brasiliensis} and \textit{Leucaena diversifolia} (T3) clearly proves to be a suitable option for achieving higher per area productivity and carrying capacities and leaves the conclusion that silvo"=pastoral systems are an excellent alternative to contribute to the Colombian Livestock Strategy (PEGA 2019) for sustainable intensification.



}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Animal live weight gain, Carrying capacity, improved forages, silvo"=pastoral Systems, sustainable intensification
\index[key]{Animal!live weight gain}
\index[key]{Carrying capacity}
\index[key]{Improved forages}
\index[key]{Silvo"=pastoral Systems}
\index[key]{Sustainable!intensification}
\end{document}
