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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Are the Rural Poor Getting their Fair Share from Environmental Resources?},pdfauthor={Solomon Walelign},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Environmental income, poor, rich, rural livelihoods},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Are the Rural Poor Getting their Fair Share from Environmental Resources?\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Solomon Walelign, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 25, 1958~Frederiksberg C, Denmark, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{szw@ifro.ku.dk}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Solomon Walelign}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{University of Copenhagen, Denmark}}}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The livelihood of rural households is highly integrated with environmental resources. Environmental resources fulfil the subsistence needs for energy, medicine, construction materials and livestock feed for rural households. However, there is a growing concern that the benefits from environmental resources are not equitably distributed among members of a community. Using a unique environmentally augmented panel data"=set (collected in year 2006, 2009 and 2012) from four locations covering the three major agro-ecological zones of Nepal, we investigate the pattern of income from forest and non"=forest environmental resource extraction by poor and rich households. We measured poverty using four approaches: income, assets, combination of assets and income, and livelihood strategies. The results from the four approaches indicate the presence of stark differences between the rich and the poor in absolute and relative environmental income. The rich households earn a significantly higher environmental income than the poor households while the latter group of households is significantly more dependent on environmental income than the former. This suggests that environmental income is more important to the livelihood of the poor than the non"=poor though poor households are excluded from high value environmental resources and are unable to engage in more remunerative livelihood activities (e.g. business) because of their low asset endowment. Hence, conservation and rural development projects should emphasise ensuring equitable access to benefits from environmental resources among households in the community to improve the livelihood of the poor on one hand and to enhance the role of environmental resources to poverty reduction on the other hand. }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Environmental income, poor, rich, rural livelihoods
\index[key]{Environmental!income}
\index[key]{Poor}
\index[key]{Rich}
\index[key]{Rural!livelihoods}
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