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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Litter Material\,$\times$\,Strain Effects on Linear Body Measurements and Blood Characteristics of Broiler Chickens},pdfauthor={Affiong Henry, Magnus Anya, Pascal Ogar Ozung, Ezeoke John Etti},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Blood, broiler chicken, linear body measurement, litter material, strain},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Litter Material\,$\times$\,Strain Effects on Linear Body Measurements and Blood Characteristics of Broiler Chickens\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Affiong Henry, University of Calabar, Department of Animal Science, Etta Agbor Road, +23487~Calabar, Nigeria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{affys.henry@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Affiong Henry$^{1}$, Magnus Anya$^{2}$, Pascal Ogar Ozung$^{3}$, Ezeoke John Etti$^{4}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Calabar, Department of Animal Science, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Calabar, Department of Animal Science, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Calabar, Dept. of Animal Science, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$University of Calabar, Department of Animal Science, Nigeria}}}
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\index[author]{Henry, Affiong}
\index[author]{Anya, Magnus}
\index[author]{Ozung, Pascal Ogar}
\index[author]{Etti, Ezeoke John}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
An 8 week study was carried out to examine the effects of litter material and strain on linear body measurements and blood characteristics of broiler chicken. Three hundred and twenty four (324) day"=old broiler chicks comprising 108 chicks each of Abor acre, Hubbard and Ross strains were used for the study. Each group (litter material\,$\times$\,strain) was divided into six replicates of 18 birds using a 3\,$\times$\,3 factorial in a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD). Feed and fresh water were provided ad libitum throughout the experimental period. Data were collected on linear body measurements (Shank length, breast width, keel length, thigh length, drumstick length, body length and body width), blood haematology (PCV, RBC, HB, MCHC, MCV, MCH and WBC) and serum profile (TP, globulin, albumin, AST, glucose, cholesterol, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, urea and triglyceride) analysis were carried out. Data were subjected to the two way analysis of variance and significant means separated using Duncan multiple range test. The results obtained showed that linear body measurements were not significantly ($p > 0.05$) affected by interaction and strain effect.  Body width, breast width, drumstick length, shank length and thigh length were significantly ($p < 0.05$) affected by litter materials used whereas body length and keel length were not affected ($p > 0.05$). Serum biochemical parameters were not significantly ($p > 0.05$) affected by strain\,$\times$\,litter material interaction. Glucose and sodium were significantly ($p < 0.05$) affected by litter material while triglyceride and urea were significantly ($p < 0.05$) affected by strain of birds. Haematological parameters were not significantly ($p > 0.05$) affected by strain\,$\times$\,litter material interaction but MCH, MCV and RBC material were significantly ($p < 0.05$) affected by litter material. Similarly, MCV was significantly ($p < 0.05$) affected by strain of broiler birds used in this study. From results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that litter material\,$\times$\,strain had no significant effect ($p > 0.05$) on linear body measurements, serum and haematological profile of broiler chickens. Therefore, any of the combinations (litter material\,$\times$\,broiler strain) can conveniently support performance, without adverse effect on health as well.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Blood, broiler chicken, linear body measurement, litter material, strain
\index[key]{Blood}
\index[key]{Broiler chicken}
\index[key]{Linear body measurement}
\index[key]{Litter material}
\index[key]{Strain}
\end{document}
