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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Hormonal Assay and Reproductive Performance of Rabbits Fed Pawpaw (\textit{Carica Papaya})leaves as Feed Supplement},pdfauthor={Affiong Henry, Pascal Ogar Ozung, Grace Ubelikwen Udie},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Carica papaya, hormonal assay, leaves, rabbits, reproductive performance},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Hormonal Assay and Reproductive Performance of Rabbits Fed Pawpaw (\textit{Carica Papaya})leaves as Feed Supplement\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Affiong Henry, University of Calabar, Department of Animal Science, Etta Agbor Road, +23487~Calabar, Nigeria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{affys.henry@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Affiong Henry$^{1}$, Pascal Ogar Ozung$^{2}$, Grace Ubelikwen Udie$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Calabar, Department of Animal Science, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Calabar, Dept. of Animal Science, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Calabar, Department of Animal Science, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Henry, Affiong}
\index[author]{Ozung, Pascal Ogar}
\index[author]{Udie, Grace Ubelikwen}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The hormonal assay and reproductive performance of rabbits fed pawpaw leaves as feed supplement were examined using twenty seven (27) sexually matured crossbred (New Zealand White\,$\times$\,Chinchilla) rabbits which comprised of eighteen (18) does and nine (9) bucks for this study. Rabbits were randomly assigned to three dietary treatment groups made up of three replicates comprising of 1 buck: 2 does (mating ratio) per replicate. Treatment groups were: control (T1) which contained concentrate and potato (Ipomea batatas) leaves; treatment 2 (T2) contained concentrate and fresh pawpaw leaves; treatment 3 (T3) contained concentrate and wilted pawpaw leaves. The feeding trial lasted for 10 weeks. Crude protein levels of experimental diets were \mbox{14.75\,\%} (concentrate), \mbox{17.50\,\%} (fresh pawpaw leaves) and \mbox{13.12\,\%} (wilted pawpaw leaves), with an energy level of \unitfrac[2488.68]{Kcal}{Kg} ME for the basal diet. Water was provided ad libitum throughout the experimental period. FSH level in rabbits fed wilted pawpaw leaves were significantly higher (6.96 mIUmL$^{-1}$), followed by those fed fresh pawpaw leaves (6.00mIUmL$^{-1}$) while the lowest level was with rabbits fed control diet (4.05mIUmL$^{-1}$). Luteinizing hormone (LH) level was observed to reduce post mating for rabbits fed the control diet and those served wilted pawpaw leaves. There was an increase in estradiol levels across the treatment groups from before mating to post mating. Progesterone levels also increased within the period before mating to post mating for rabbits fed fresh pawpaw leaves (8.25 to 9.14 ngmL$^{-1}$) and wilted pawpaw leaves (7.93 to 8.80ngmL$^{-1}$)   There was no significant ($p > 0.05$) difference between other hormones assessed before and after mating. There was no significant ($p > 0.05$) difference for reproductive parameters evaluated among the treatment groups. Litter size at birth were 5.25 (T1), 4.75 (T2) and 6.80 (T3). Average litter weight at birth was higher ($p > 0.05$) for kits of does in T3 (192.00g) and lowest for T1 (120.00g). Average litter weight at weaning followed similar trend. }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} \textit{Carica papaya}, hormonal assay, leaves, rabbits, reproductive performance
\index[key]{Carica papaya@\textit{Carica papaya}}
\index[key]{Hormonal assay}
\index[key]{Leaves}
\index[key]{Rabbits}
\index[key]{Reproductive performance}
\end{document}
