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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Oil Palm Expansion and Water Scarcity: Social Views and Environmental Processes},pdfauthor={Jennifer Merten, Alexander Röll, Fenna Otten, Heiko Faust, Dirk Hölscher},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Eco-hydrology, environmental perception, erosion, land use change, rural water supply, streamflow},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Oil Palm Expansion and Water Scarcity: Social Views and Environmental Processes\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Jennifer Merten, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Dept. of Human Geography, Goldschmidstr. 5, 37077 ~Göttingen, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{jmerten3@gwdg.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Jennifer Merten$^{1}$, Alexander Röll$^{2}$, Fenna Otten$^{1}$, Heiko Faust$^{1}$, Dirk Hölscher$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Dept. of Human Geography, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Burckhardt Institute: Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Germany}}}
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\index[author]{Merten, Jennifer}
\index[author]{Röll, Alexander}
\index[author]{Otten, Fenna}
\index[author]{Faust, Heiko}
\index[author]{Hölscher, Dirk}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Current literature on conversions of natural rainforest to oil palm plantations in Southeast Asia is rich in studies about impacts on local biodiversity or local greenhouse gas emissions. A topic just recently receiving attention are changes in local water cycles. In Jambi province, one of the largest palm oil producing areas on Sumatra, we conducted a combined social and environmental study to investigate environmental perceptions and eco-hydrological processes accompanying land use change. Qualitative interviews with villagers highlighted concerns regarding decreasing water levels in wells during dry periods and increasing fluctuations in stream flow between rainy and dry periods. While changes in the water cycle were reported to be related to land use change in general, rubber plantations were observed to impact local water resources less than oil palm plantations. Eco-hydrological measurements showed significant matches with local narratives. Measurements of sap fluxes, evapotranspiration, erosion and stream base flows indicate that conversions of rain forest ecosystems to oil palm plantations lead to a redistribution of precipitated water by runoff, which leads to the reported periodic water scarcity. Such water scarcity was found to severely impact local livelihoods as water supply mainly depended on well water. Continued access to clean water was highly dependent on the households' financial situation, i.e. the available capital for purchasing bottled water or ordering water tanks. This capitalisation of water supply increases social polarisations and further disadvantages those not participating in the profitable oil palm business. In the light of decreasing access to land and increasing rural-urban entanglements access to clean water has further added to local contestations over access to land and natural resources.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Eco"=hydrology, environmental perception, erosion, land use change, rural water supply, streamflow
\index[key]{Eco"=hydrology}
\index[key]{Environmental!perception}
\index[key]{Erosion}
\index[key]{Land!use change}
\index[key]{Rural!water supply}
\index[key]{Streamflow}
\end{document}
