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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Water Management and Restoration Problems in Coastal Lagoons},pdfauthor={Katrin Saar, Ingmar Ott},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Coastal lagoon, restoration, sediment phosphorus, water management},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Water Management and Restoration Problems in Coastal Lagoons\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Katrin Saar, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Centre for Limnology, Fr.r.kreutzwaldi 5, 51014~Tartu, Estonia, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{katrin.saar@emu.ee}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Katrin Saar$^{1}$, Ingmar Ott$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Estonian University of Life Sciences, Centre for Limnology, Estonia}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Estonian University of Life Sciences, Centre for Limnology, }}}
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\index[author]{Saar, Katrin}
\index[author]{Ott, Ingmar}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Coastal lagoons are highly influenced by external factors due to their position between freshwater and the sea and therefore, are highly heterogeneous and dynamic systems. Estonian coastal lagoons have emerged recently in the geological time scale and are rapidly changing from marine communities to brackish, those to freshwater and in turn to coastal meadows. Mainly due to low water level, the environmental conditions in the coastal lagoons can change rapidly and that makes these ecosystems weak and sensitive to influences of changing climate and eutrophication. The ecological status in these lagoons largely depends on the influx of seawater during high tides and storms. These ecosystems are naturally enriched and highly productive. Furthermore, the surface sediment of coastal lagoons often constitutes of easily resuspendable sediment, where a considerable amount of nutrients is accumulated. Therefore, the coastal lagoons may end up in crisis when the high productivity, abundance of nutrients and high amount of organic matter will lead to oxygen depletion. Deficiency in oxygen conditions causes degradation of water quality and impacts negatively the biota of the water body. In addition, the ecological status can furthermore exacerbate, when weather conditions are changing due to climate warming and storms come more frequent. Due to higher wind speed and waves, even more phosphorus can be mix up from the deeper sediment layers and add to the internal loading problem. In order to decide for proper water management and restoration methods, a sediment phosphorus fractionation and incubation experiments were conducted with sediment cores collected from a coastal lagoon, Vööla meri (Northwest Estonia). The analysis showed that a large amount of phosphorus has been accumulated in mobile forms and phosphorus is leaking from sediment to water column during resuspension or anoxia periods.



Thus, consequently due to the climate change the coastal lagoons could be considered one of the most endangered water habitats of the world. Natural conservation and environmental management will inevitably have to address issues arisen with these water bodies --- to maintain them as aquatic ecosystems or to allow the coastal lagoons to naturally come to overgrowing and swamping. 



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Coastal lagoon, restoration, sediment phosphorus, water management
\index[key]{Coastal lagoon}
\index[key]{Restoration}
\index[key]{Sediment phosphorus}
\index[key]{Water!management}
\end{document}
