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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS) for Promoting Organic Farming in Nepal},pdfauthor={Ujjal Tiwari, Ashmita Pandey},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Nepal, Organic farming, participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS), Smallholders},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS) for Promoting Organic Farming in Nepal\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Ujjal Tiwari, Forum for Rural Welfare and Agricultural Reform for Development (FORWARD Nepal), Agriculture, Bharatpur-2, Kshetrapur, Chitwan, Nepal, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{ujjaltiwari@daad-alumni.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ujjal Tiwari, Ashmita Pandey}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Forum for Rural Welfare and Agricultural Reform for Development (FORWARD Nepal), Agriculture, Nepal}}}
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\index[author]{Tiwari, Ujjal}
\index[author]{Pandey, Ashmita}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Agriculture is well known as a key economic activity in Nepal. Agricultural production accounts for about one"=third (\mbox{34\,\%}) of the total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employs two"=thirds (\mbox{65\,\%}) of the population. The majority of the farm"=households (about \mbox{80\,\%}) are smallholders who have less than one hectare of land. With consciousness on health and the environment, smallholder farmers are interested to adopt organic farming system. However, the markets for organically grown commodities in Nepal are in the primitive stage. Farmers have less access to market and premium prices for the organically grown commodities. On the other side, consumers are aware of the benefits of consuming organic products and ready to pay the premium prices. The participatory guarantee systems (PGS) is a good option for smallholder farmers whose products fetch high demand in the local markets. The benefits of the PGS include less (no) cost, group certification, easy adoption, no chance of cheating, as well as consumers and traders involvement in the process (increased trust). In this context, the PGS stands a good solution to promote organic farming and establish local"=level markets in Nepal. The Nepal government has also endorsed the national standards for organic farming and working guidelines for the PGS. The PGS has already been established in some parts of the country, and smallholders are very optimistic in the adoption of the PGS. For instance, in Pokhara city, a cooperative named "The Bazaar Agricultural Cooperative: Market for Fair Trade and Organic" has initiated PGS in 2013 partnering with smallholder farmers and various stakeholders including local government bodies to provide quality control and trust between producers and consumers. The cooperative has a wholesale and a retail shops, and provide partner farmers with technical knowledge, saving and credit facilities, and also assist them in linking with the government services and input suppliers. The concerned stakeholders are also interested in promoting and scaling out PGS in several places in the country. The expansion of the PGS in the wider scale can contribute to improving food security in the country, as well as to enhancing rural livelihoods in a sustainable way. }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Nepal, Organic farming, participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS), Smallholders
\index[key]{Nepal}
\index[key]{Organic!farming}
\index[key]{Participatory!Guarantee Systems (PGS)}
\index[key]{Smallholders}
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