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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Aquaculture Production in Urban Wastewaters in Nigeria},pdfauthor={Dapo Fagbenro, Jamesd Kayode Ilori},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Aquaculture, fish production, Nigeria, urban and peri-urban, wastewaters},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Aquaculture Production in Urban Wastewaters in Nigeria\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Dapo Fagbenro, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Akure, Nigeria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{fagbenro_dapo@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Dapo Fagbenro$^{1}$, Jamesd Kayode Ilori$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Federal University of Technology, Public Health Unit, Directorate of Health Services, Nigeria}}}
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\index[author]{Fagbenro, Dapo}
\index[author]{Ilori, Jamesd Kayode}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Urban and peri"=urban aquaculture is limited by inadequate, uneven distribution and pollution of water resources. Wastewater fed aquaculture is practised in Nigeria and is becoming common and widespread due to the increasing water shortage and the threat to food security especially among the urban dwellers. Urban fish farmers use diluted or untreated wastewater or polluted river water in order to augment fish production and safeguard the rapidly declining surface water quality in order to meet the shortfall in domestic fish production. Development of wastewater fed aquaculture is of immense benefit and increase fish yields from fish farms located adjacent to students' hostels and hotels. Fish raised in wastewater"=fed systems provide an important source of food and employment but may pose threats to public health of both producers and consumers. There are no guidelines for the use of wastewaters in aquaculture; and even then, monitoring and enforcement may not be practicable on a large scale. The strength of urban aquaculture lies in its proximity to markets, an aspect which lowers food costs. Therefore, there is the need for a thorough assessment of the effluent quality. Successful implementation of any project in this sector of aquaculture and waste management will have to address issues of public perception including community based sensitisation and education. Presently, there is inefficient and inadequate wastewater reuse and management in Nigeria, but when the technology of wastewater treatment is advanced and applied; and with appropriate management, it could contribute substantially to increase fish production for urban and peri"=urban consumers and improve the livelihoods for fish farmers while at the same time reduce the adverse effects on water sanitation and public health.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Aquaculture, fish production, Nigeria, urban and peri"=urban, wastewater
\index[key]{Aquaculture}
\index[key]{Fish production}
\index[key]{Nigeria}
\index[key]{Urban!and peri"=urban}
\index[key]{Wastewater}
\end{document}
