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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Gender Roles and Preferences in Animal Feeding Technologies - a Case from Mali},pdfauthor={Sapna Jarial, Birhanu Zemadim, Hamidou Nantoumé, Ramadjita Tabo, Bougouna Sogoba},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Animal feeding, gender preferences, technologies},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Gender Roles and Preferences in Animal Feeding Technologies - a Case from Mali\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Sapna Jarial, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Research Program for West and Central Africa, Icrisat Sahelian Centre, Niamey, 12404~Niger, Niger, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{sapnajarial@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Sapna Jarial$^{1}$, Birhanu Zemadim$^{2}$, Hamidou Nantoumé$^{3}$, Ramadjita Tabo$^{4}$, Bougouna Sogoba$^{5}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$International Crops Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Research Program for West and Central Africa, Icrisat Sahelian Centre, Niger}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$International Crops Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), West and Central Africa Regional Center, Mali}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Institut d'Economie Rurale (IER), Laboratory of Animal Nutrition (Sotuba), Mali}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Mali}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{5}$AMEDD , Mali}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Jarial, Sapna}
\index[author]{Zemadim, Birhanu}
\index[author]{Nantoumé, Hamidou}
\index[author]{Tabo, Ramadjita}
\index[author]{Sogoba, Bougouna}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
As, social norms, perceptions  both in farming communities and research organisations often limit the data to be collected  from women and, in doing so, reinforce the notion that women are not farmers or producers, as little information is available on gender roles and preferences in animal feeding technologies. To address the research question on: was there  gender roles and preferences in  animal feeding  a socio"=cultural  study was conducted in purposively selected two districts  Bougouni and Koutiala in six villages of  Mali, using  23 participatory qualitative tools. Data was collected from July to January 2016.Triangulation method between various tools, secondary sources were used for cross verification of data. Randomly 5 men and 5 women farmers were selected in each village to carry 12 joint and separate focus group discussions in each village. Data was collected from July to September 2015 in Bougouni and December 2015 to January 2016 in Koutiala. Results indicated that there were gender differences in roles and no gender differences in animal feeding technologies.  Both men and women 's perception was men played a greater role in various cropping and livestock activities. Men spent (0--6 hours) during the dry season while working more during the rainy season (8 hours). In Koutiala, men (1.5 hours) in dry season spent less hours than women  farmers (3--5.5 hours) while during rainy season men spent more hours (8.75--10 hours) than women farmers(7.5 hours). Feed technologies dependent on the type of animal kept by men and women farmers and on local feed resources. Men raised cattle, sheep's while women kept chicken and goats in Bougouni. Women did not graze animals in Bougouni while men most preferred feeding technology was grazing. Women preferred way of feeding small ruminants was stall feeding, while free range for poultry. Most preferred brans by men and women were of maize and sorghum, followed by legume haulms such as cowpea and groundnut in both districts. Gender preferred supplements were"=maize and sorghum brans followed by cowpea haulms, cotton cakes, tree leaves. In Bougouni, maize stovers were most preferred by gender while in Koutiala, it followed by sorghum stover.



}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Animal feeding, gender preferences, technologies
\index[key]{Animal!feeding}
\index[key]{Gender preferences}
\index[key]{Technologies}
\end{document}
