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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Future Prospects of Camel Milk under Different Conditions in Sudan: A Source of Organic Food},pdfauthor={Ibrahim Dowelmadina, Ibtisam El Zubeir, Omer Arabi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Camel, food, management systems, Sudan},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Future Prospects of Camel Milk under Different Conditions in Sudan: A Source of Organic Food\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Ibrahim Dowelmadina, University of Gezira, Dept. of Genetics and Animal Breeding, University Street, 20~Wad Madani-sudan, Sudan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{camel2022@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ibrahim Dowelmadina$^{1}$, Ibtisam El Zubeir$^{2}$, Omer Arabi$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Gezira, Dept. of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Khartoum, Dept. of Dairy Production, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Gezira, Dept. of Basic Science, Sudan}}}
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\index[author]{Dowelmadina, Ibrahim}
\index[author]{El Zubeir, Ibtisam}
\index[author]{Arabi, Omer}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The present study was designed to highlight the possibility of utilisation of camel milk as organic food. Camels are used traditionally as a source of food, in race and transportation of belongings when pastoral families relocate to new areas, and also in fetching water to pastoral homesteads for household utilisation. Camel milk is considered as one of the most valuable food sources for nomadic people in arid and semi arid zones. For centuries it has been consumed either fresh or fermented due to its nutritional values and medicinal properties. In Sudan, most camels are managed in traditional systems that include nomadic, transhumance or semi"=nomadic systems and recently the sedentary or semi"=sedentary systems, and intensive production systems. A field survey was conducted in two production systems in Sudan. The first was the dominant nomadic system that depend mainly on the grazing pasture, representing \mbox{40\,\%} of the total camel milk production in Sudan. The second was the new semi"=intensive system that was initiated with the objective of commercialisation of camel milk associated with harvesting of camel milk in pre"=urban areas of Khartoum. The highest significant percentages of camel milk composition: protein, lactose, total solids, solids non fat, fatty acids and vitamins (A, E and C) levels were recorded for the camel in the traditional nomadic system compared to those from semi"=intensive system. This paper recommended utilisation of camel milk, especially from traditional systems, as functional and organic food. It also suggests ways to harness the potentials of dromedaries to ensure organic food and environmental sustainability.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Camel, food, management systems, Sudan
\index[key]{Camel}
\index[key]{Food}
\index[key]{Management Systems}
\index[key]{Sudan}
\end{document}
