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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Developing Management of Field Crops Production in Libya},pdfauthor={Aboulgasem Saidy},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Crops, field, in , Libya , production},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Developing Management of Field Crops Production in Libya\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Aboulgasem Saidy, Faculty of Agriculture - University of Sabha - Libya, Agro Economies, Ahm Sharef Str 99, 00218~Sabha, Libya, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{saidy28@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Aboulgasem Saidy}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Faculty of Agriculture - University of Sabha - Libya, Agro Economies, Libya}}}
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\index[author]{Saidy, Aboulgasem}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
     Both projects: Maknousa and Bargoug are located in the south"=western part of Fezzan Region of Libya, where average annual rainfall is only 126 mm with low seasonal variation, the climate in generally warm and dry throughout the year, Maknousa project comprised of 90 fields of varying sizes (usually 53 to 25 hectares) and the total area is 3931 hectares.



   While Bargoug project comprised of 73 fields, each field having 50 hectares,  the total area of the project is 3650 hectares, in both projects the irrigation system is used groundwater.



     Maknousa project shows that the cultivated average area under the improved systems increased from 3555 hectares to 4023 hectares, in another word the cultivated area increased by \mbox{13\,\%}. Moreover the revenue per hectare increased from \unitfrac[813.4]{LYD}{ha} to \unitfrac[1052.4]{LYD}{ha}, which is equal to \mbox{29\,\%}. The net income per hectare also increased from \unitfrac[334.4]{LYD}{ha} in the earlier period to \unitfrac[530]{LYD}{ha}, representing a \mbox{58\,\%} increase (Table. 1). 



     Bargoug project shows that the cultivated average area under the improved systems increased from 3205 hectares to 3483 hectares, in another word the cultivated area are increased \mbox{8\,\%}, moreover the revenue per hectare increased from \unitfrac[813]{LYD}{ha} to 1121,\unitfrac[4]{LYD}{ha}, being equal to a \mbox{37.9\,\%} increase, the net income per hectare also increase from \unitfrac[303]{LYD}{ha} in the previous period to \unitfrac[562.2]{LYD}{ha}, representing a \mbox{85.5\,\%} increase, (Table. 1).



     Other index figures illustrate that in both projects Maknousa \& Bargoug the 4 cultivated crops namely: wheat, barley, sorghum \& millet produced Developing economic results, 



     Table 3. Showing input/LYD used per hectare in Maknousa project, shows that the expenditure for temporary labour, tractor hours, salary, depreciation and miscellaneous costs under the improved system decreased as follows: \mbox{16\,\%}, \mbox{28\,\%}, \mbox{30\,\%}, \mbox{20\,\%} and \mbox{9\,\%} respectively, while the Bargoug project performed such that the wage costs for casual labour decreased from \unitfrac[24]{LYD}{ha} to \unitfrac[20]{LYD}{ha}, tractor hours increased from \unitfrac[22]{LYD}{ha} to \unitfrac[32.7]{LYD}{ha} while salary costs dropped from \unitfrac[129]{LYD}{ha} to \unitfrac[98.3]{LYD}{ha}. Depreciation also decreased from \unitfrac[135]{LYD}{ha} to \unitfrac[94]{LYD}{ha} and miscellaneous costs decreased from 28 to \unitfrac[16]{LYD}{ha}



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Crops, field, in , Libya , production
\index[key]{Crops}
\index[key]{Field}
\index[key]{In }
\index[key]{Libya }
\index[key]{Production}
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