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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Reproductive Wastage in Ruminants at the Abattoir in Northern Ghana; a Case Study of the Tamale Abattoir},pdfauthor={Ibn Iddriss Abdul-Rahman, Owusu Adjei Mark, Hamdala Hunsulu Hamid},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Cattle, goats, reproductive wastage, sheep},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Reproductive Wastage in Ruminants at the Abattoir in Northern Ghana; a Case Study of the Tamale Abattoir\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Ibn Iddriss Abdul-Rahman, University for Development Studies, Animal Science Department, Tamale, Ghana, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{ai.iddriss@yahoo.co.uk}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ibn Iddriss Abdul-Rahman$^{1}$, Owusu Adjei Mark$^{2}$, Hamdala Hunsulu Hamid$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University for Development Studies, Animal Science Department, Ghana}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University for Development Studies, Animal Science, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University for Development Studies, Horticulture, }}}
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\index[author]{Abdul-Rahman, Ibn Iddriss}
\index[author]{Mark, Owusu Adjei}
\index[author]{Hamid, Hamdala Hunsulu}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Reproductive foetal losses occur in abattoirs in most Sub-Saharan Africa, including Ghana, but have seldom been documented. An 8-week study was conducted at the Tamale abattoir and documented foetal losses occurring at the abattoir through the slaughter of pregnant ruminants (sheep, goats and cattle). The data obtained was analysed using t"=test (2-tailed). Animals for slaughter at the abattoir were predominantly obtained from the market. In each case, \mbox{90.8\,\%}, \mbox{64.5\,\%} and \mbox{57.1\,\%} of the cattle, goats and sheep, respectively, slaughtered were obtained from the market. A total of 4184 animals (irrespective species), comprising 2264 (\mbox{54.1\,\%}) females and 1920 (45.9) males were slaughtered at the abattoir during an 8-week period. The females comprised 982 cattle, 900 goats and 382 Sheep.  In all, \mbox{26.5\,\%}, \mbox{23.5\,\%} and \mbox{41.1\,\%}, respectively, of cattle, goat and sheep were pregnant. Similar ($p > 0.05$) numbers of males and females were slaughtered per day in cattle and sheep at the abattoir during the study period. In goats, however, significantly ($p < 0.05$) more females were slaughtered per day than males. Significantly higher ($p < 0.05$) number of cattle foetuses were recovered per day than sheep and goat foetuses. There was, however, no difference between the numbers of sheep and goats slaughtered per day during the study period. In all species, equal ($p > 0.05$) numbers of male and female foetuses were recovered per day. In about \mbox{74\,\%} of all pregnancy cases, farmers were aware of the pregnancy statuses of the animals involved. The proportion of pregnant animals, particularly sheep, slaughtered per day is alarming, and might be responsible for decreasing flock sizes experienced lately in Ghanaian flocks.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Cattle, goats, reproductive wastage, sheep
\index[key]{Cattle}
\index[key]{Goats}
\index[key]{Reproductive wastage}
\index[key]{Sheep}
\end{document}
