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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Restoration of Degraded Grazing Lands for Improved Soil Health and Increased Productivity - The Role of Contour Trench and Rhodes Grass (\textit{Chloris gayana}) Reseeding},pdfauthor={Teklu Erkossa Jijo, Fanuel Laekemariam, Bekeshe Abdeta},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Adaptation to climate change, innovation platforms, native grass, resilience, soil conservation, sustainable intensification},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Restoration of Degraded Grazing Lands for Improved Soil Health and Increased Productivity - The Role of Contour Trench and Rhodes Grass (\textit{Chloris gayana}) Reseeding\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Teklu Erkossa Jijo, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Office for East Africa and Nile Basin , P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{teklu68@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Teklu Erkossa Jijo$^{1}$, Fanuel Laekemariam$^{2}$, Bekeshe Abdeta$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Office for East Africa and Nile Basin , Ethiopia}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Wolita Sodo University, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Ambo University, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Jijo, Teklu Erkossa}
\index[author]{Laekemariam, Fanuel}
\index[author]{Abdeta, Bekeshe}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
  In view of global warming, increasing water shortage and deteriorating natural resources, meeting the ever"=increasing demand for agricultural products necessitate restoration and productive use of degraded lands. In Ethiopia, it is customary to use degraded crop lands for extensive grazing, which further deteriorates the land through compaction and depletion of biodiversity. A rapid regeneration of such lands requires enclosure, increasing water and nutrient availability and over"=seeding with suitable species. Participatory on"=farm trial was conducted on 28 private grazing plots during two successive seasons (2014--2015) to evaluate the effects of contour trench as an in"=situ water conservation and Rhodes grass (\textit{Chloris gayana}) re"=seeding on soil quality and fodder yield on degraded grazing lands in semi"=arid lowlands of western Ethiopia. A split plot design with contour trench and reseeding Rhodes grass were the main and sub plot factors, respectively. Surface soil samples were collected initially and after each growing season and analysed for pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, NH$_{4}^{}$-N, NO$_{3}^{}$N, and available phosphorus and sulfur, and gravimetric soil moisture was monitored. The treatments and their interaction significantly affected the fodder biomass, but not the soil quality parameters. Reseeding Rhodes grass on plots with contour trench increased dry fodder yield by \mbox{95\,\%} as compared to the traditional option. This is related to the increased soil moisture availability over longer duration due to the trenches and regeneration of the seed bank by the fast growing Rhodes grass that utilised the water and nutrient made available.  Irrespective of the treatments, the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and available sulfur content has shown tremendous increase compared to the initial condition. This may be related to the overall increase in biomass growth due to the area enclosures implemented on all plots. In conclusion, integrated application of area closure, in"=situ water conservation and over"=sowing suitable fodder grass has an immediate positive impact on soil quality and productivity of degraded grazing lands, thereby enhancing ecological and economic resilience. A wider use of the approaches requires understanding of the economic benefits and farmers' opinion.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Adaptation to climate change, innovation platforms, native grass, resilience, soil conservation, sustainable intensification
\index[key]{Adaptation to climate change}
\index[key]{Innovation platforms}
\index[key]{Native grass}
\index[key]{Resilience}
\index[key]{Soil!conservation}
\index[key]{Sustainable!intensification}
\end{document}
