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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Ginger (\textit{Zingiber officinale}) as Feed Additive on Broiler Chicken Performance},pdfauthor={Frederick Igene, Chris Ekuagbere},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2016: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Blood profile, broiler chickens, ginger, growth performance, growth promoter},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 18-21, 2016, Vienna, Austria}}\\[1ex] \Large{``Solidarity in a competing world ---\\fair use of resources''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Ginger (\textit{Zingiber officinale}) as Feed Additive on Broiler Chicken Performance\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Frederick Igene, Ambrose Alli University, Animal Science, Benin Express  Way, 234~Ekpoma, Nigeria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{fredogene@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Frederick Igene$^{1}$, Chris Ekuagbere$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Ambrose Alli University, Animal Science, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Ambrose Alli University, Animal Science, }}}
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\index[author]{Igene, Frederick}
\index[author]{Ekuagbere, Chris}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Natural feed additives of plant origin are believed to be safer, healthier and less regarded as chemical hazards than synthetic additives. Ginger (\textit{Zingiber officinale}) is among the herbs currently receiving attention as plants with antibiotics properties to support growth and health in animals. This study evaluated the effect of feeding varied inclusion levels of ginger meals on growth performance, carcass characteristics and blood profiles of broiler chickens. A total of 90 broiler chicks were randomly allotted into 5 experimental dietary treatments with 3 replicates of 6 birds each. Birds in treatments 1 and 2 respectively served as negative and positive control (\mbox{0\,\%} and \mbox{0.01\,\%} Oxytetracycline). Treatments 3, 4 and 5 had 1, 2 and \mbox{3\,\%} ginger meal respectively. Birds fed \mbox{1\,\%} ginger were significantly ($p < 0.05$) higher in final weight gain (3651.89g) and average total weight gain (3450.22g). Feed conversion ratio was best in the \mbox{1\,\%} ginger (2.15), followed by the Oxytetracycline (2.19). Mortality was not recorded in the \mbox{1\,\%} ginger meal fed birds. Dressing percentage ranged from \mbox{77.50\,\%} in the \mbox{3\,\%} ginger meal to \mbox{83.99\,\%} in the \mbox{1\,\%} ginger meal. Dietary treatments had no effects on both breast and thigh weights of chickens. Blood parameters namely; red blood cell, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume and lymphocyte were not significantly affected. White blood cell ranged from 78.60\,$\times$\,103/$\mu$l in the \mbox{3\,\%} ginger meal to 92.05\,$\times$\,103/$\mu$l in the \mbox{1\,\%} ginger diet. Total cholesterol was significantly increased in the two control diets (130 and \unitfrac[120]{mg}{dl} respectively for 1 and 2). Increasing levels of ginger in the diets reduced the cholesterol of the chickens; 105,104 and \unitfrac[90]{mg}{dl} for diets 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Total protein was better in the oxytetracycline, 1 and \mbox{2\,\%} ginger meals. It can be concluded that \mbox{1\,\%} ginger inclusion level in the diets of broiler chickens boosted growth without compromising health status of the birds.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Blood profile, broiler chickens, ginger, growth performance, growth promoter
\index[key]{Blood profile}
\index[key]{Broiler}
\index[key]{Chicken}
\index[key]{Ginger}
\index[key]{Growth!performance}
\index[key]{Growth!promoter}
\end{document}
